1. Resistors in Series and Parallel and Potential Dividers Resistors in Series and Parallel Potential Dividers

2. Rule for resistors in series R V Resistors in Series If you put Extra Resistance in Series with the same PD, the current will reduce R2R2 R1R1 I V1V1 V2V2 R = V / I The Resistance will get higher The Total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances in series R = R 1 + R 2 + … II I

3. Rule for resistors in parallel R V Resistors in Parallel If you add more resistors in parallel, for the same PD the current increases I R = V / I The Resistance will get lower The Total Resistance is always less than the resistance of the least resistive path 1/R = 1/R 1 + 1/R 2 + … Note: the resistance in each case is the total resistance of each path. R2R2 R1R1 I1I1 I2I2 I

4. …then work out the resistance of these two effective resistors in series …then work out the effective resistance of the two branches Work out the resistance of this branch… How you would solve these… 44 22 33 Questions from APfY Page 216, Q4, 6. Tough ext. Q2 P274 Work out the effective resistance of the two branches… 44 22 33

5. Current in parallel branches… Questions from APfY Page 217, Q7, 8 & 3 44 22 11 I All of the current flows through the 2  resistor 4x as much current will flow through the 1  resistor than the 4  resistor 4/5 of the total will flow through the 1  resistor and 1/5 of the total will flow through the 4  resistor 44 22 33 I = 9mA In groups, state and explain which resistor will have the highest current Now work out how much current flows through the each resistor. Ratio of 4:1 4+1=5 4/5 of total current 1/5 of total current Ratio of 4:5 4+5=9 4/9 of total current = 4mA 5/9 of total current = 4mA

6. Potential Dividers From last session we know that –The current is the same in all parts of the circuit –The 6V PD is shared between the resistors The 3  resistor is 3/5 of the total resistance Because the current is the same in all parts of the circuit and V = I R then… …the PD across the 3  resistor will be 3/5 of the total PD 22 33 6V V

7. Experiment Start off by getting a battery, a voltmeter and 4 leads Return to your desk and measure the PD of the battery Predict the PD across all resistors on some of the circuits Go and measure them Note: 2K2 is the way that a 2.2k  resistor is represented. Now have a look at Q16-18 on Page 217