1. Dynamics of International Institutions Chapter 4

2. United Nations Purposes Purposes 5 Major Components 5 Major Components General Assembly General Assembly Adopts resolutions Adopts resolutions Security Council Security Council Main policy-setting body Main policy-setting body 5 permanent members 5 permanent members US US United Kingdom United Kingdom France France Russia Russia China China 10 rotating members 10 rotating members

3. United Nations Economic and Social Council Economic and Social Council Economic and social issues Economic and social issues Improve human rights, education, and health conditions Improve human rights, education, and health conditions International Court of Justice International Court of Justice Legal decisions between countries Legal decisions between countries 15 judges 15 judges Secretariat Secretariat Secretary-general Secretary-general Administers programs and policies Administers programs and policies

4. World Trade Organization Promote Trade Promote Trade How? How? Early Years of Cooperation Early Years of Cooperation International Trade Organization International Trade Organization General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Reduced tariffs Reduced tariffs World Trade Organization World Trade Organization Developing countries Developing countries

5. Other Organizations Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development “Rich man’s club” “Rich man’s club” Eliminate bribery Eliminate bribery Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Members Members Short history Short history

6. Economic Integration Four Types Four Types Free trade area Free trade area NAFTA NAFTA Customs union Customs union Common market Common market Complete economic integration Complete economic integration European Union European Union

7. European Union History History World War II World War II Marshall Plan Marshall Plan OEEC OEEC OECD OECD Benelux Union Benelux Union EFTA EFTA ECSC  EEC  EU ECSC  EEC  EU

8. European Union Purpose of the UU Purpose of the UU Free movement Free movement Treaty of Rome (1957) Treaty of Rome (1957) Institutions Institutions European Commission European Commission Council of Ministers Council of Ministers Parliament of EU Parliament of EU European Court of Justice European Court of Justice EU Court of First Instance EU Court of First Instance

9. European Union United States of Europe United States of Europe Roadblocks Roadblocks Problems with European Union Problems with European Union Losing credibility Losing credibility Federal systems Federal systems Fraud Fraud EU Constitution EU Constitution What has the EU accomplished? What has the EU accomplished? Standards Standards Tariffs Tariffs US considerations US considerations

10. European Monetary Union Maastricht Treaty-1991 Maastricht Treaty-1991 National currencies  Euro National currencies  Euro U.S. Negotiations U.S. Negotiations Importance to U.S. Importance to U.S.

11. NAFTA U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement 1989 1989 NAFTA NAFTA January 1, 1994 January 1, 1994 Environmental and labor laws Environmental and labor laws Expansion? Expansion? Effective? Effective?

12. Other Regional Agreements Association of Southeast Asian Nations Association of Southeast Asian Nations 1967 1967 10 members 10 members Economic growth and regional peace Economic growth and regional peace European Free Trade Association European Free Trade Association 1960 1960 Response to EU Response to EU

13. Other Regional Agreements African Free Trade Agreements African Free Trade Agreements African Union African Union 1999 1999 Move from apartheid and colonization Move from apartheid and colonization Central American Free Trade Association Central American Free Trade Association 2003 2003 U.S. and other countries U.S. and other countries What does it do? What does it do?

14. Other Regional Agreements Organization of American States Organization of American States 1948 1948 35 members (including U.S.) 35 members (including U.S.) “Promote cooperation within the region” “Promote cooperation within the region” Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 1989 1989 21 countries (including U.S.) 21 countries (including U.S.) “Promote open trade and economic cooperation” “Promote open trade and economic cooperation”

15. Other Regional Agreements Mercosur Mercosur 1991 1991 “Common market of the South” “Common market of the South” Not a customs union Not a customs union 4 members (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay) 4 members (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay) Growing trade Growing trade