1. Metabolism

2. Metabolism Metabolism = Anabolism + Catabolism
Photosynthesis requires Respiration
Respiration requires Photosynthesis
Energy Production = Energy Consumption
Chapter 5

3. Chapter 5

4. Breakdown Synthesis Proteins to Amino Acids, Starch to Glucose
Amino Acids to Proteins, Glucose to Starch
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5. Chapter 5

6. Overview of Metabolism
Source of Energy (Photo- vs. Chemotroph)
Source of Electrons
Carrier of Electrons
Final Electron Acceptor
Source of Carbon (Auto- vs. Heterotroph)
Auto- : Carbon Dioxide
Hetero- : Organic Compounds
Chapter 5

7. Classification based on Metabolism
Where microbes get their energy?
Sunlight vs. Chemical
Photo- vs. Chemo- trophs
How do they obtain carbon?
Carbon Dioxide (or inorganic cmpds.) vs. Organic Compounds (sugars, amino acids)
Auto- vs. Hetero- trophs
Examples
Photoautotrophs vs. Photoheterotrophs
Chemoautotrophs vs. Chemoheterotrophs
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8. Chapter 5

9. Chapter 5

10. Types of -trophs
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11. Source of Electrons Autotrophs Chemotrophs Photosynthesis H2O, H2S
Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates (C H2O)
Glucose, Lactose, Sucrose
Amino Acids
Chapter 5

12. Electron Carriers Photosynthesis Respiration NADP + H to NADPH
NAD + H to NADH
FAD + H to FADH
Chapter 5

13. Final Electron Acceptor
Photosynthesis
CO2 + H’s to CH2O
Stores energy
Respiration
Aerobic
1/2 O2 + H 2 to H2O
Anaerobic
Fermentation
Chapter 5

14. Movement of Electrons Chemical reactions Oxidation Reactions
Reduction Reactions
Reactions Coupled
Redox reactions
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15. Example of Redox Equations
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16. Example of Redox Equations
Chapter 5

17. Examples ATP  ADP + P ADP + P  ATP NAD + H  NADH FADH  FAD + H
Oxidation, release energy
ADP + P  ATP
Reduction, stores energy
NAD + H  NADH
FADH  FAD + H
NH4 + 11/2O2 NO2- +H2O + 2H + ATP
2H2 + O2  2H2 O
Chapter 5

18. Examples Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis
C6H12 O6 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO ATP
Photosynthesis
6H2O + 6CO2 + light  C6H12 O6 + 6O2
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19. Respiration Overview; 4 separate reactions Requires Oxygen
Glucose to Carbon dioxide + Water +Energy
C6H12O6 + O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP
Glucose is highly reduced; contains energy
Oxygen receives the electrons to form energy
4 separate reactions
Glycolysis, Transition Reaction, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport, Chemiosomosis
Requires Oxygen
Chapter 5

20. Steps in Respiration Electron Donors Electron Carriers
Organic Compounds (Glucose preferred)
Electron Carriers
NAD to NADH
FAD to FADH
Electron Acceptors-Terminal
O2 to H2O
Phosphorylation Reactions
ADP to ATP
Chemiosmosis Reactions
Chapter 5

21. Glycolysis- 10 steps
Glucose is Phosphorylated to form Fructose 1,6-diphosphate
Split to form 2 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Final Products are:
2 Pyruvic Acid (C3H4O3)
Compare to original glucose - C6H12O6
2 NADH
2 ATP
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22. Chapter 5

23. Transition Reaction Pyruvic Acid  Acetyl - Co A + CO2 + NADH C2H4O2
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24. Chapter 5

25. Kreb’s Cycle Figure E.3, A29 Acetyl CoA  Carbon Dioxide
C2H4O2 to CO2
Energy produced/Acetyl CoA (x2 for /Glucose)
3 NADH
1 FADH
1 ATP
Metabolic Wheel
Fats, amino acids, etc. enter or leave
Citrate is product of first reaction
Chapter 5

26. Electron Transport Chain
NADH oxidized to NAD
FAD reduced to FADH
Cytochromes shuffle electrons finally to O2
Cytochrome Oxidase important in G - ID
H2O formed and ATP
3 ATP / 1 NADH
2 ATP / 1 FADH
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27. Chapter 5

28. Chapter 5

29. vcell.ndsu.edu/animations/etc/first.htm
vcell.ndsu.edu/.../atpsynthase_04.htm
Chapter 5

30. Chemiosmosis Production of ATP in Electron Transport
Electrochemical Gradient Formed between membranes
H+ (Protons) generated from NADH
Electrical Force (+) & pH Force (Acid)
Gradient formed
ATPase enzyme that channels H+ from High to Low concentration
3 ATP/NADH
2 ATP/NADH
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31. Fermentation Products
Alcohol and Carbon Dioxide
Yeast mostly
Lactic Acid
Humans, muscles without oxygen
Bacteria (Lactobacillus-yogurt)
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32. Fermentation in Yeast
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33. Fermentation in Muscle
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34. Summary of Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Glycolysis
Transition Rx.
Kreb’s Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Anaerobic Respiration
Pyruvate 
Lactic Acid
Mixed Acids
Alcohol + CO2
Recycle NADH
2 ATP / Glucose
Chapter 5