1. Cognitive Psychology

2. Overview What is Cognitive Psychology? Study of HOW the mind works, not WHY we do what we do Focuses on the day-to-day functions of the human mind When you read and think about the question “What is Cognitive Psychology? “ you are engaging in cognition

3. What is Mind? “He was able to call to mind what he was doing on the day of the accident.” “If you put your mind to it, you can do anything!” “I haven’t made up my mind yet.” “I’m of two minds about it.” “Dude is out of his mind.” “She has a brilliant mind.”

4. What is Mind? Definition: A system that creates representations of the world so that we can act within it to achieve our goals The mind creates and controls mental functions such as perception, attention, memory, emotions, language, deciding, thinking, and reasoning

5. What do Cognitive Researchers Study?

6. Sensation/Perception Cognitive Neuroscience Pattern Recognition and Attention Consciousness Memory Representation of Knowledge Mental Imagery Language Thinking and Concept Formation Artificial Intelligence

7. Cognitive Theory Involves an Information Processing Analogy Acquisition Storage Retrieval Use

8. Cognitive Approach to Psychology Focuses on Mental Processes and Mental Structures This translates to structural models and process models

9. Why Study Cognitive Psychology? Cognitive theory affects every area of Psychology Theory and Application

10. Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Science Cognitive Psychology is a subdivision of Cognitive Science Cognitive Science is the interdisciplinary study of the nature of knowledge and its use

12. Some Fields Related to Cognitive Science Linguistics Philosophy Neuroscience Anthropology Speech and Hearing Science Mathematics Computer science Physics Sociology Economics

13. Historical Roots of Cognitive Psychology Greek Philosophers Nativist (nature) vs. Empiricist (nurture) views of mind The Enlightenment

14. Late 1800s Wilhelm Wundt + Edward Titchener –Introspection –Mental chronometry Hermann Ebbinghaus –Sinnlose silben William James “Principles of Psychology” 1890

15. Early 1900s Gestalt Psychology –“Whole is greater than the sum of the individual parts” Tolman – cognitive maps Bartlett (1932) “Remembering”

16. The Birth of Cognitive Psychology Sept. 11, 1956 MIT symposium on Information Science Miller (1956) "The Magical number seven, plus or minus two......." Chomsky (1957) “Syntactic Structures” Neisser (1967) "Cognitive Psychology"

17. Other Early Influences Post WW II Human Engineering Cybernetic Systems Theory Communications Engineering Early Computer Science –Newell & Simon - 1950's – programs that play chess, solve problems Turing (1950) - "Computing machinery and intelligence“

18. Can machines think? The Turing Test or "imitation game“

19. Current Influences on the Field Neuroscience Genetics Evolutionary Psychology Computer Science –Information processing –Neural net algorithms –Artificial Intelligence

20. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Goal is to develop machines/programs as intelligent as humans Cybernetic Organisms vs. Robotics

21. Computational Machine 3 components of a computational machine: –Representations –Algorithms –Physical device

22. Issues in AI Does equivalent performance = intelligence? Can machines demonstrate independent thought? Creativity? Reproduction? Sentience and consciousness? Will robots be treated like people?

23. Computing Power and Intelligence Kurzweil (1999) - "The Age of Spiritual Machines" Machine computing power –1910-1950 - doubled in power every 3 years –1950-1966 - doubled every 2 years –1966-now - doubled every year Human brain computing power - 20 million billion calculations/sec

24. 2020 – typical PC will have this power 2030 - small city of human brains 2050 - all human brains on earth

25. Applications: Human Factors

26. Human-Machine interfaces Automotive technology Communications technology

27. Research Methods in Cognitive Psychology Psychophysical methods Single-cell studies Reaction time (mental chronometry) Eye-tracking Lateralization studies Case studies Brain imaging