1. Sea Salt comes from the Sea Shore, as She Should. But how can Soil Dust come from the South?

2. VT Soil Peaks in Spring; NJ Soil Peaks in Summer. VT shows lower means and a secondary July Peak if a 5-month period of heavy local construction/traffic on dirt access road is removed But Brigantine Soil Wind Rose is Very Illogical (South?) …or is it?

3. Occasional Soil Dust Spikes hit Brigantine a few times every Summer (July) and Always correspond with (much) Higher soil spikes to the Southeast... Time Series of Soil Dust Impacts at Brigantine

4. Soil Mass > 3 ug/m3 & Al:Ca Ratio > 3.8 are considered indicators of Sahara Dust. At Brigantine, there’s no relation between Soil Mass and Al:Ca ratio, until that ratio exceeds 3.8, after which soil increases as Al:Ca increases. Brigantine Trajectories on High Soil, High Al:Ca days are also quite consistent with occasional hits from Sahara dust events.

5. Highest Modeled Soil Day at Underhill (outside 5-month local construction period) occurred 1 week later on 7/7/93. It met 3 “chemical tests” for Sahara Dust: Soil > 3, Al:Ca > 4, Al:Si > 0.4 Husar (2002) identified Sahara Dust Impact on Gulf Coast on 6/30/93 from High Regional concentrations (> 60 ug/m3) of PM-10.

6. Even in VT - Highest Soil Impact (with Al:Ca ratio of 5) on 7/7/93. Husar analysis of regional PM-10 episodes had indicated a major Sahara Dust event on Gulf Coast on 6/30/93. A week later...

7. Sea Salt & Windblown Dust are both “contaminated” by NO3 & SO4 (How would we calculate Extinction Efficiencies for these Mixtures?) …and who do we Blame for the associated Visibility effects?

9. From Battelle UNMIX results, These “Dust” sources typically account for: 70% of Si, 80% of Al & 15% of SO4, at these 5 sites And SO4 contributes about 1/3 of the PM-2.5 Mass of these Dust sources at these 5 sites