1. CEREBRAL MEDULLA & LATERAL VENTRICLE
Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim

2. TYPES OF FIBRES ASSOCIATION FIBRES:
They connect cortical areas lying within same cerebral hemisphere
COMMISSURAL FIBRES:
They cross midline & connect cortical areas in one hemisphere to functionally related cortical areas in the other hemisphere
PROJECTION FIBRES:
They connect cortical areas to areas outside cerebral hemispheres

3. ASSOCIATION FIBRES SHORT: They connect adjacent gyri in same lobe
LONG:
They travel through white matter & connect gyri of different lobes

4. ASSOCIATION FIBRES

5. LONG ASSOCIATION FIBRES
Superior longitudinal fasciculus:
Connects frontal and occipital lobes
A part connects frontal and temporal lobes in dominant hemisphere (arcuate fasciculus): links Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas (areas important for language function)

6. LONG ASSOCIATION FIBRES
Inferior Longitudinal fasciculus:
Runs from occipital to temporal poles
Connects primary visual & visual association areas
Contributes to function of visual recognition
Lesion: object agnosia (cannot recognize objects), prosopagnosia (cannot recognize faces)

7. LONG ASSOCIATION FIBRES
Uncinate fasciculus:
Connects frontal and temporal lobes
Connects parts involved in regulation of behavior
Cingulum:
Travels along frontal, parietal and temporal lobes
Connects parts of limbic lobe

8. COMMISSURAL FIBRES Corpus callosum: The largest of commissural fibres
Connects corresponding regions of frontal, parietal & occipital lobes in both hemispheres (but not temporal)

9. CORPUS CALLOSUM
Body
Splenium
Genu
Rostrum

10. COMMISSURAL FIBRES Major parts of Corpus callosum:
Rostrum: connects the inferior surfaces of frontal lobes
Genu: fibres curve forwards to form anterior forceps (forceps minor) that connect frontal lobes
Body: most of fibres run transversally & connect parietal lobes
Splenium: fibres curve backwards to form posterior forceps (forceps major) that connect occipital lobes

11. COMMISSURAL FIBRES Anterior commissure:
Formed of a small & a large bundle
The small bundle connects olfactory regions in temporal lobes
The large bundle connects the rest of temporal lobes
Hippocampal commissure:
They connect the fornix on each side

12. PROJECTION FIBRES They are ascending & descending fibers
Fibres projecting to & from cerebral cortex are distributed radially as corona radiata
Fibres become concentrated to form the internal capsule

13. INTERNAL CAPSULE

14. INTERNAL CAPSULE It is a V-shaped band of projection fibres
It is divided into:
Anterior limb
Genu
Posterior limb
Retrolenticular part

15. INTERNAL CAPSULE Anterior limb:
Site: between head of caudate nucleus & lentiform nucleus
Contents:
Fibres from anterior nuclear group of thalamus to cingulate gyrus
Fibres from medial nuclear group of thalamus to prefrontal cortex
Frontopontine fibres

16. INTERNAL CAPSULE Genu:
Site: between head of caudate nucleus & thalamus
Contents:
Corticobulbar fibres

17. INTERNAL CAPSULE Posterior limb:
Site: between thalamus & lentiform nucleus
Contents:
Corticospinal fibres
Fibres from ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus to postcentral gyrus
Fibres from ventral anterior & ventral lateral nuclei of thalamus to motor regions of frontal lobes

18. INTERNAL CAPSULE Retrolenticular part: Site: behind lentiform nucleus
Contents:
Fibers from medial geniculate body of thalamus to auditory cortex
Fibers from lateral geniculate body of thalamus to visual cortex
Parieto- temporo- & occipitopontine fibres

19. LATERAL VENTRICLE Anterior horn of LV Body of LV Posterior horn of LV
Inferior horn of LV
Interventricular foramen
Third Ventricle
Supraoptic recess of TV
Infundibular recess of TV
Suprapineal recess of TV
Cerebral acqueduct
Fourth Ventricle
Lateral recess of FV

20. VENTRICULAR SYSTEM OF BRAIN

21. LATERAL VENTRICLE CAVITY: of telencephalon
SITE: within cerebral hemisphere
SHAPE: C-shaped
COMMUNICATION: with 3rd ventricle through the interventricular foramen of Monro

25. HORIZONTAL SECTION III:
1- Genu of corpus callosum.
2- Forceps minor.
3- Anterior horn of lateral ventricle.
4- Head of caudate nucleus.
5- Thalamus.
6- Septum pellucidum.
7- Body of fornix.
8- Posterior horn of lateral ventricle.
9- Splenium of corpus callosum.
10- Forceps major.
11- Optic radiation.
12- Lateral sulcus.
13- Tail of caudate nucleus.
14- Putamen.
15- Claustrum.
16- Anterior limb of internal capsule.
17- Genu of internal capsule.
18- Posterior limb of internal capsule.

27. Tail of caudate N
Inferior horn of LV
Hippocampus

28. PARTS OF LATERAL VENTRICLE
ANTERIOR HORN:
Cavity of frontal lobe
Lies in front of interventricular foramen
Its anterior wall: genu of corpus callosum
Its floor: rostrum of corpus callosu
Its roof: body of corpus callosum
Its lateral wall: head of caudate nucleus
Its medial wall: septum pellucidum

29. PARTS OF LATERAL VENTRICLE
BODY:
Cavity of parietal lobe
Lies behind interventricular foramen
Its floor: thalamus & fornix
Its roof: body of corpus callosum
Its lateral wall: body of caudate nucleus
Its medial wall: septum pellucidum

30. PARTS OF LATERAL VENTRICLE
POSTERIOR HORN:
Cavity of occipital lobe
Its medial wall: splenium of corpus callosum
INFERIOR HORN
Cavity of temporal lobe
Its roof: tail of caudate nucleus
Its floor: hippocampus