1. Naming and physical properties of alcohols.

2. Naming alcohols Alcohols are an homologous series with the general formula; C n H 2n+1 OH A suffix, -ol, is used to indicate the presence of an hydroxyl group. Eg; CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3 propan- 2-ol

3. Classifying alcohols Look at the number of alkyl groups attatched to the carbon which bears the hydroxyl group.

4. Primary alcohols Have ONE alkyl group on the carbon that bears the hydroxyl group. R Eg; CH 3 CH 2 OH

5. Secondary alcohols Have TWO alkyl groups on the carbon with the hydroxyl group. R R (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH

6. Tertiary alcohols Have THREE alkyl groups on the carbon with the hydroxyl group. R R R (CH 3 ) 3 COH

7. Name the following alcohols, stating whether they are primary, secondary or tertiary; CH 3 OH CH 3 CH 2 CH(OH)CH 3 (CH 3 ) 2 (C 2 H 5 )COH CH 3 C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 OH Methanol (1 o ) Butan 2 ol (2 O ) 2 methyl butan 2 ol (3 O ) 2,2 dimethyl propan 1 ol (1 o )

8. Draw out the structures of the following alcohols, stating whether they are primary, secondary or tertiary; Heptan 1 ol 2,2 dimethyl hexan 3 ol 4 methyl octan 4 ol CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5 CH 2 OH (1 o ) (CH 3 ) 3 CH(OH)(CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 (2 O ) CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH(OH)(C H 2 ) 2 CH 3 (3 O )

9. Boiling points AlkaneBP o CAlcoholBP o C methane-163.4methanol65 ethane-88.5ethanol78 propane-42propanol98 butane-0.4butanol117 pentane36.2pentanol138 Plot BP against Mr and comment on the trends.

10. Alcohols have much higher BPs than those of the corresponding alkane. The intermolecular bonds in alkanes are only weak van der Waals. But in alcohols there are much stronger hydrogen bonds. BPs of alcohols compared with those of alkanes.

11. Solubility of alcohols Alcohols are miscible in water.

12. δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ-δ- δ+δ+ δ+δ+δ+δ+ The hydroxyl group can hydrogen bond with water.

13. Solubility decreases with chain length. But hydrocarbon chains can only make van der Waals interactions. The hydroxyl group can hydrogen bond…