1. Chapter 1 Entrepreneurial Traits

2. Conceptual Approaches to Understanding Entrepreneurs ‘Great Person’ approach Motivations Socio-cultural-demographic profiles Entrepreneurial ‘types’ The ‘trait’ approach Cognitive or learning

3. Five Factors of Personality Neuroticism or emotional stability Extraversion Conscientiousness Openness to experience Agreeableness

4. Critiquing Entrepreneurial Personality Traits Understand personality holistically Socio-demographic variables cannot be isolated from personality characteristics Methodologies used to identify traits Conflicting results in terms of the relative importance of specific traits. Assumption that entrepreneurial behaviour is a function of personality Ascribing personality characteristics: classical entrepreneurs vs. those with entrepreneurial characteristics or ‘lifestyle entrepreneurs’

5. The Big Five Personality Domains - Extraversion Confidence Dynamism Optimism Sense of power Aggressiveness Capacity for enjoyment

6. The Big Five Personality – Open to Experience Resourcefulness Versatility Creativity Intelligence Independence Imagination Perceptiveness

7. The Big Five Personality Domains– Neuroticism Rebelliousness Courage

8. The Big Five Personality Domains – Agreeableness Honesty Integrity Sensitivity to others Trusting of colleagues Co-operativeness

9. The Big Five Personality Domains – Conscientiousness Perseverance Determination Need to achieve Efficiency Commitment Thoroughness Accuracy Responsibility

10. Key themes in entrepreneurial traits Need for achievement Need for autonomy Self-belief Risk-taking Locus of control

11. Gender – Male- and Entrepreneurial Traits Opinionated and persuasive Goal-oriented Innovative and idealistic High level of self-confidence Enthusiastic and energetic Must be own boss

12. Gender – Female- and Entrepreneurial Traits Flexible and tolerant Goal-oriented Creative and idealistic Medium level of self-confidence Enthusiastic and energetic Ability to deal with the social and economic environment