1. The New Progress Tracker For each section of the module you will be given a progress tracker booklet. This is designed to enable you to sign of when a section of the specification is complete or has been reviewed and to allow communication between you and your teachers about the best way to help you to progress.

2. F332 – Chemistry of Natural Resources This module is made up for three main topics ▫Elements from the Sea ▫The Atmosphere ▫Polymer Revolution This is the biggest module this year, worth 50% of your AS level, therefore 25% of the full A-level

3. Dot-Cross Diagrams And Introducing Dative Bonding

4. Objectives Be able to... Draw simple dot-cross diagrams for ionic and covalent compounds Describe and draw dative covalent bonds Link the types of bonding to physical properties of chemicals

5. Specification... Where this comes from...

6. Types of bonding an ionic bond occurs between a metal and non-metal atom (e.g. NaCl) a covalent bond occurs between two non-metal atoms (e.g. I2, CH4) a metallic bond occurs between atoms in a metal (e.g. Cu) There are three types of bond that can occur between atoms:

7. Representing ionic bonding

8. Covalent bonding

9. Task Draw dot-cross diagrams for: 1.Lithium fluoride 2.Calcium chloride 3.Water 4.Ethene 5.Phosphorus pentachloride (beware this does not obey the octet rule)

10. Lithium Fluoride

11. Calcium chloride

12. Water

13. Ethene

14. Phosphorus Pentachloride

15. Co-ordinate bonding

16. Examples of co-ordinate bonds

17. Task Explain what a dative covalent bond is and how it is formed. Give examples of molecular ions containing dative covalent bonds. Draw dot-cross diagrams for: ▫Hydroxonium ion ▫Ammonium chloride

18. Hydroxonium Ion

19. Ammonium Chloride

20. Bonding and Properties How do the properties of chemicals differ within different types of bonding? Consider: ▫Melting and Boiling Points ▫Solubility ▫Thermal and electrical conductivity ▫Hardness ▫Any others you can think of... Discuss.

21. Bonding and Properties PropertyIonicSimple Molecular Giant Covalent Melting and Boiling Points Solubility Thermal and electrical conductivity Hardness Other points