1. Behavior and Personality

2. Overview Explaining and predicting behavior Personality theories
Chapter 7 Lesson 1

3. Quick Write
How well are you able to “read” the behavior of people close to you? Can you give an instance when you knew in advance how someone would act? Explain how you knew.
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4. Explaining and Predicting Behavior
Hidden Aspects
Attitudes
Perceptions
Group norms
Informal interactions
Interpersonal and
Intergroup conflicts
Visible Aspects
Strategies
Objectives
Policies and procedures
Structure
Technology
Formal authority
Chains of command
Chapter 7 Lesson 1
Adapted from Fundamentals of Management, 5th Ed. By Robbins/DeCenzo, p. 262 Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005
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5. Introduction Personality is a potent force in shaping behavior
The better you learn to “read” different personality types, the better you will be able to work with others
Organizational behavior (OB) is the study of the actions of people at work
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6. Goals of Organizational Behavior
Explain and help predict behavior
Allow managers to understand why employees do some things and not others
Allow managers to be able to predict how employees may respond to different actions they might take
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7. OB Focuses on Four Kinds of Employee Behavior
Productivity
Absenteeism
Turnover
Organizational Citizenship
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8. Three Elements of Attitude
Cognitive (thinking)
Affective (feeling)
Behavioral (action)
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9. Employee Attitudes that Concern Managers
Job Satisfaction
an employee’s general attitude toward his or her job
Job Involvement
degree to which the employee sees success on the job as important to success as a whole
Organizational Commitment
an employee’s loyalty to an organization and whether he or she identifies with the organization
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10. Optional Exercise “Job” Attitudes in School
(1) attending school (classes)
(2) studying and preparing for class
(3) taking tests, writing papers, reports
(4) engaging in extracurricular activities
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11. “Job” Satisfaction Survey
5 = totally satisfied
4 = somewhat satisfied
3 = barely satisfied
2 = dissatisfied
1 = totally dissatisfied
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12. “Job” Involvement Survey
5 = very important
4 = somewhat important
3 = barely important
2 = unimportant
1 = completely unimportant
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13. Organizational Commitment Survey
5 = strongly committed
4 = somewhat committed
3 = barely committed
2 = not committed
1 = against the organization
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14. Cognitive Dissonance
Cognitive dissonance is any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes
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15. Dissonance Challenge
If you were a manager who opposes laying off workers and your company announced a layoff of 1,000 people in your division, would you go along with it (actions do not match attitude), object to it, but keep your job (actions do not match attitude), change your opinion by justifying the layoff in this situation (attitude changes to maintain congruence) or resign your position in protest (actions match attitude)?
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16. Personality Theories Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
The Big Five Model
Emotional Intelligence
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17. Myers Briggs Type Indicator
What energizes you?
The extraversion and introversion scale (EI)
How do you gather information?
The sensing and intuition scale (SN)
How do you prefer to make decisions?
The thinking and feeling scale (TF)
What is your life style preference?
The judging and perceiving scale (JP)
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18. Definition Parameters
The Big Five Model
Dimension
Definition Parameters
Characteristics
Extroversion
Sociability
Introversion
Assertiveness, energy
Agreeableness
Compliance
Suspicion
Trust, modesty
Conscientiousness
Discipline
Impulsivity
Order, efficiency
Emotional Stability
Volatility
Steadiness
Anxiety, hostility…
Openness to experience
Curiosity
Conservation
Ideas, Ambiguities
Chapter 7 Lesson 1
Adapted from Fundamentals of Management, 5th Ed. By Robbins/DeCenzo, p. 268
Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005

19. Emotional Intelligence Five Dimensions
Self awareness: being aware of your own feelings
Self-management: being able to manage your emotions and impulses
Self-motivation: being able to persist in the face of setbacks and discouragement
Empathy: being able to “read” others and sense how they’re feeling
Social skills: being able to handle other people’s feelings
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20. Five Personality Traits that Explain Behavior
Locus of control
Machiavellianism
Self-Esteem
Self-Monitoring
Risk Propensity
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21. Holland’s Six Personality Types
CHARACTERISTICS
PERSONALITY SAMPLE OCCUPATIONS
Realistic Prefers physical activities that require skill, strength, and coordination
Shy, genuine, persistent, stable, conforming practical
Mechanic, drill-press operator, assembly-line worker, farmer
Investigative Prefers activities involving thinking organizing, and understanding
Analytical, original, curious independent
Biologist, economist, mathematician, reporter
Social Prefers activities that involve helping and developing others
Sociable, friendly, cooperative, understanding
Social worker, teacher, counselor, clinical psychologist
Chapter 7 Lesson 1
Adapted from Fundamentals of Management, 5th Ed. By Robbins/DeCenzo, p. 271
Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005

22. Holland’s Six Personality Types
CHARACTERISTICS
PERSONALITY SAMPLE OCCUPATIONS
Conventional Prefers rule-regulated, orderly, and unambiguous activities
Conforming, efficient, practical, unimaginative, inflexible
Accountant, corporate manager, bank teller, file clerk
Enterprising Prefers verbal activities where there are opportunities to influence others and attain power
Self-confident, ambitious, energetic, domineering
Lawyer, real estate agent, public relations specialist, small business manager
Artistic Prefers ambiguous and unsystematic activities that allow creative expression
Imaginative, disorderly, idealistic, emotional, impractical
Painter, musician, writer, interior decorator
Chapter 7 Lesson 1
Adapted from Fundamentals of Management, 5th Ed. By Robbins/DeCenzo, p. 271
Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005

23. Relationship Among Holland’s Six Personality Types
Chapter 7 Lesson 1
Adapted from Fundamentals of Management, 5th Ed. By Robbins/DeCenzo, p. 272
Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005

24. Optional Exercise Personality and Jobs
Based on your understanding of Holland’s six basic employee personality types, rate your personal preferences from 1 (most preferred) to 6 (least preferred).
After completing your personal preference rating, see how well you can do predicting the preferences of those in your group. Rate each group member as you see them.
Discuss your answers together and be sure to include an explanation of why you responded as you did.
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25. Entrepreneurs and Personality
If you look at Bill Gates and Oprah Winfrey as two entrepreneurs, it is clear that their personality types are very different
One thing the experts are sure of is that entrepreneurs are proactive
Researchers use the term proactive personality to describe those individuals who are more prone to take actions to influence their environment
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26. Review
Organizational behavior (OB) is the study of the actions of people at work
The study of OB focuses on four kinds of employee behavior – productivity, absenteeism, turnover, and organizational citizenship
The three elements of attitude are the cognitive component (thinking), the affective component (feeling), and the behavioral component (action)
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27. Review
Three specific concerns about employee job attitudes are job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment
Cognitive dissonance is any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, a method of identifying personality types, assesses people according to four dimensions of personality and leads to 16 different personality types
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28. Review
The four dimensions the Myers-Briggs classification measures are extraversion and introversion (EI), sensing and intuitive (SN), thinking and feeling (TF), and judging and perceiving (JP)
The five elements in the Five-Factor model are extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness
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29. Review
Emotional intelligence is an assortment of noncognitive skills, capabilities, and competencies that influences a person’s ability to cope with environmental demands and pressures
The five aspects of emotional intelligence are self-awareness, self-management, self-motivation, empathy, and social skills
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30. Review
The five elements that are most important in explaining personal behavior in an organization are locus of control, Machiavellianism, self-esteem, self-monitoring, and risk propensity
John Holland’s six job-fit “types” are realistic, investigative, social, conventional, enterprising, and artistic
Researchers use the term proactive personality to describe those individuals who are more prone to take actions to influence their environment
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31. Summary Explaining and predicting behavior Personality theories
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32. What’s Next…
Group Behavior
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