1. The four basic types of structures are :
As an engineer, you must be able to classify structures according to their FORM and FUNCTIONS.
Composed of structural members, joined together by structural connections is called STRUCTURAL SYSTEM.
The four basic types of structures are :
Trusses
Cables & Arches
Frames
Surface structures
All structural systems are composed of a number of basic structural elements (i.e. Beams, columns, etc.)
CE381 Structural Analysis I (Supplementary lecture notes) Prepared by: Asst.Prof.Dr.Rifat Reşatoğlu
CE381 Structural Analysis I (Supplementary lecture notes) Prepared by : Asst.Prof.Dr.Rifat Reşatoğlu

2. Analyzing structural members
Planning – How will the building be supported?
Establishing the loads
Designing preliminary structural configuration and layout
Analyzing structural members
Selecting preliminary structural members
Evaluating the preliminary design
Redesigning (if needed) – Repeat the above steps as necessary to achieve a safe and efficient design
Designing and detailing the structural components

3. STRUCTURAL FORM
IDEALIZED MODEL
LOAD TYPES
MATERIAL SELECTION
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
FINAL DESIGN
CONSTRUCTION PHASE

4. Examples of structural elements include:
Within the structural systems, individual structural elements must work together to carry and transfer the applied loads to the ground.
Examples of structural elements include:
Roof
Beams
Elevated Slabs
Girders
Load Bearing Walls
Columns
Connections
Footing

5. The buildings should be designed to meet the requirements of the design standards. (with a clearly defined load path, to transfer the forces to the supporting ground).
Cruise of forces can cause damages in LOAD BEARING SYSTEMS.

6. Footing
Column
Girder
Beam

7. Tributary area is the area of the slab which goes to particular beams.
What is tributary area???
Tributary area is the area of the slab which goes to particular beams.
Slab Joist Girder Column Footing

8. Tributary Area - Beams
Beams
Model
Girders
Model

9. Tributary Area – Beam/Column Connection
Beams
Girders
Columns
Footings
Talk about how everything is connected – edge beams connected to column, not girder. Load paths!
CE381 Structural Analysis I (Supplementary lecture notes) Prepared by : Asst.Prof.Dr.Rifat Reşatoğlu

11. Load Paths
Load

12. Problem :
The floor system of a building consists of a 15 cm thick reinforced concrete slab resting on four steel floor beams, which in turn are supported by two steel girders. The cross-sectional areas of the floor beams and the girders are 94.8 cm2 and cm2, respectively. Determine the dead loads acting on the beams CG and DH and the girder AD. (Unit weight for concrete is 23.6 kN/m3, and for steel 77 kN/m3)

13. Problem : A B
The floor system of building consists of a 110 mm thick reinforced concrete slab resting on three steel floor beams, which in turn supported by two steel girders.
Determine the dead load acting on the beam CD and the girder AE ?
Steel Girder (AE & BF) A=20000 mm2
Steel floor beam (AB, CD, EF)----- A=11000mm2
(Unit weight for concrete is 24 kN/m3, and for steel 77 kN/m3)
7 m
5 m D E F C
110 mm concrete slab
CE381 Structural Analysis I (Supplementary lecture notes) Prepared by : Asst.Prof.Dr.Rifat Reşatoğlu