1. The Kiel runs [ORCA025-KAB001 and KAB002] Arne Biastoch IFM-GEOMAR

2. ORCA025-KAB001 and KAB002 KAB001: as G70, but… pure CORE forcing (except for river runoff, full temporal resolution, 1958-2004) 2 additional tracers: CFC-11 and SF6 (both initialized in 1959) no Katabatic winds “pragmatic approach”: weak SSS (300d / 10m) + polar 3D T/S restoring (180 d) KAB002: as KAB001, but… only 1985-2004 (based on KAB001) strong SSS restoring (as G70, but without increased restoring under sea ice) SSS 3D T/S:

3. Polar Restoring: Strong Surface vs. Weak 3D Pragmatic approach: strong (20d) surface SSS-restoring –OR- weak (180d) 3D T/S restoring

4. Atlantic Overturning 14 10 18 16 ORCA025-KAB001 (1995-2004)ORCA025-KAB002 (1995-2004) ORCA025-G70 (1995-2004) FLAME 1/12°

5. Global Overturning

6. Overflow

7. Labrador Sea Water

8. Mixed Layer Depth

9. Buoyancy Flux Thermal Buoyancy Flux G70 (Mar-1984) Haline Buoyancy Flux G70 (Mar-1984) Thermal Buoyancy Flux KAB001 (Mar-1984) Haline Buoyancy Flux KAB001 (Mar-1984)

10. Buoyancy Flux Difference Total Buoyancy Flux G70 – KAB001 Thermal Buoyancy Flux G70 – KAB001 Haline Buoyancy Flux G70 – KAB001

11. Buoyancy Flux

12. Buoyancy Flux Difference

13. MOC Variability Bryden et al. (2005)

14. MOC Variability

16. Average Arctic T/S Average Temperature KAB001Average Temperature KAB002Average Temperature G70 Average Salinity KAB001Average Salinity KAB002Average Salinity G70

17. Average Arctic Temperature compared to ORCA05 Strong SSS restoring (ORCA05-KAB034/KAB036) Weak 3D restoring (ORCA05-KAB041/KAB042) Strong SSS restoring (ORCA025-KAB002) Weak 3D restoring (ORCA025-KAB001)

18. Average Arctic Salinity compared to ORCA05 Strong SSS restoring (ORCA05-KAB034/KAB036) Weak 3D restoring (ORCA05-KAB041/KAB042) Strong SSS restoring (ORCA025-KAB002) Weak 3D restoring (ORCA025-KAB001)

19. Average Arctic Density compared to ORCA05 Strong SSS restoring (ORCA05-KAB034/KAB036) Weak 3D restoring (ORCA05-KAB041/KAB042) Strong SSS restoring (ORCA025-KAB002) Weak 3D restoring (ORCA025-KAB001)

20. DKS and MOC Variability Dense transport (σ> 27.8) through Denmark Strait KAB001, KAB002, G70 Atlantic MOC Strength at 45N KAB001, KAB002, G70

21. SSH-based Indices SSH Difference Subtropical – Subpolar Gyre (cm) KAB001, KAB002, G70, AVISO data SSH Anomaly in Labrador Sea (cm) KAB001, KAB002, G70, AVISO data

22. Sea Ice Climatology Northern Hemisphere Ice Volume KAB001, KAB002 Southern Hemisphere Ice Volume KAB001, KAB002 Northern Hemisphere Ice Area KAB001, KAB002, SMMI data Southern Hemisphere Ice Area KAB001, KAB002, SMMI data

23. Sea Ice Variability Northern Hemisphere Ice Volume KAB001, KAB002 Southern Hemisphere Ice Volume KAB001, KAB002 Northern Hemisphere Ice Area KAB001, KAB002, SMMI data Southern Hemisphere Ice Area KAB001, KAB002, SMMI data

24. Sea Ice Variability

25. Drake Passage Transport

26. Florida Strait Transport

27. ORCA025 Agulhas Rings Agulhas Current Africa The Agulhas System no Agulhas Rings ORCA05 Agulhas Current Africa

28. Eddy Kinetic Energy KAB001 (2004 average, mean upper 50m)G70 (2004 average, mean upper 50m) KAB002 (2004 average, mean upper 50m)AVISO data (2004 average)

29. Eddy Kinetic Energy G70 (2004 average, 450m depth) KAB002 (2004 average, 450m depth) KAB001 (2004 average, 450m depth)

30. Eddy Kinetic Energy KAB001 (2004 average, mean upper 50m)G70 (2004 average, mean upper 50m) KAB002 (2004 average, mean upper 50m) Flame 1/12° (2004 average, mean upper 50m)

31. CFC-11 and SF6 CFC-11 Inventory KAB001 (Jul-2004)SF-6 Inventory KAB001 (Jul-2004)

32. CFC-11 and SF6 Atmospheric History for CFC-11 and SF-6 Inventory of CFC-11 and SF-6 (KAB001 and KAB002) Total Fluxes of CFC-11 and SF-6 (KAB001)

33. Relative Fraction of CFC-11 and SF6

34. Atlantic Inventories of CFC-11 and SF6 % of Atmospheric SF-6 (Jul-1984)% of Atmospheric SF-6 (Jul-2004) % of Atmospheric CFC-11 (Jul-1984)% of Atmospheric CFC-11 (Jul-2004)