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Chapter 17 Section 2 Modern World History
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The Axis Attacks September 1, 1939: Nazi forces invade Poland with improved technology: tank and airpower Luftwaffe: German air force Bombed airfields, factories, towns, and cities Surrounded and forced Polish troops to surrender Germany attacks from west, Stalin attacks from east Poland ceases to exist in a month Britain and France declare war on Germany. Cannot help in enough time. Soviet army bases themselves in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and seizes Finland
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April 1940 -Hitler attacks:
Norway Denmark Netherlands Belgium May 1940 Hitler attacks France British sent naval vessels, merchant ships, and boats to pick up troops from Dunkirk and saved 300,000 Germans head towards Paris Italy declares war on France and attacks from South France Surrenders June 22, 1940 France signs surrender documents Germany occupies Northern France Some French officers escape to England and set up government-in-exile. Led by Charles de Gaulle, “free French” worked to liberate their homeland In France, fighters used guerilla tactics against German forces
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Operation Sea Lion Hitler’s plan for the invasion of Britain
Launches massive air strikes Aug Germany bombs the Southern coast on a daily basis After a month, they began to bomb London and other cities
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The Blitz Sep. 7, 1940: German bombers first appear over London
Bombing continues for 57 nights in a row Bombing is known as The Blitz Much of London is destroyed, thousands die Most resume their everyday lives, but 3 million are evacuated King and Queen stay with people in bomb shelter instead of fleeing to countryside Plan continues until May 1941, but eventually fails Britain is more determined now to stop Germany
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Africa and the Balkans Sep. 1940 October 1940
Mussolini pushes army in Libya to Egypt General Erwin Rommel, “the dessert fox” pushes British army to Cairo, Egypt and has success between October 1940 Italian forces invade Greece Yugoslavia Bulgaria Hungary All join axis powers
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Germany invades Soviet Union
Operation Barbarossa June 1941 Hitler invades Soviet Union 3 million soldiers were sent Soviets had lost 2 ½ million soldiers Soviet troops destroy factories and farm equipment and burn crops to keep them out of enemy hands By fall, Hitler plans to take over Moscow and Leningrad (St. Petersburg) Temperature troubles -40 degrees Thousands of German soldiers freeze to death
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Germany’s Siege of Leningrad
Sep. 1941 2 ½ year siege begins Food is rationed to 2 pieces of bread a day Hunger drives people to boil wallpaper for potato flour More than a million die Britain (Churchill) and Stalin begin to work together
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Hitler’s New Order Hitler declares Aryans the master race 1930s
Jewish people and political opponents are sent to concentration camps Concentration camps: detention centers for civilians considered enemies of the state Millions of Polish and Soviet Slavs and others are worked as slave laborers
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The Holocaust Inferiors 1939 Jews Slavs Romas (Gypsies) Homosexuals
The disabled 1939 Jews are forced to live in Ghettos Ghettos: sections of the cities where Jewish people are confined Many die from starvation, disease, overwork, and harsh elements
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The Final Solution Hitler and leaders declare for The Final Solution-the genocide of all European Jews 6 death camps in Poland Millions killed Camps People are stripped of valuables, shaved Women, men, and children are separated Young, elderly, and sick are killed immediately Sent to shower rooms and gassed 1945 Six million Jews and six million others are killed
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Denmark and Bulgaria-saves entire Jewish population
June 1942 5,000 a day are sent from Warsaw ghetto to Treblinka death camp Spring 1943 Jews take over ghetto and use small collection of guns and homemade bombs to damage Nazi forces May 16 Nazis regain control and eliminate remaining Jews in ghetto Denmark and Bulgaria-saves entire Jewish population France-Shipped thousands to Jews to their deaths Immigration policies prevent Jews from leaving
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Japan Takes control of Asia and the Pacific Commit great brutality
Kill and torture Chinese Filipinos Malaysians Seize food crops Destroy cities and towns Made local people into slave laborers Guerilla warfare against Japanese in Indonesia, Philippines, and elsewhere US declares neutrality when war begins FDR looks for way to aid to Britain, as it was alone in battling Hitler
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USA and Japan March 1941-Lend Lease Act August 1941 1939 1940
Allowed FDR to sell or lend war materials to any country whose defense is important to defense of US Won’t be drawn into war, but will help those who are fighting for freedom August 1941 FDR meets with Churchill Issue Atlantic Charter to destruct Nazi tyranny 1939 When war broke out, Japan took resources of Southeast Asia Oil Rubber Tin Resources help them fight Chinese 1940 Japan advances into French Indonesia and the Dutch East Indies US bans sale of war materials (iron, steel, oil) to Japan Japan sees this as thread to their expansion
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Japan attacks US General Tojo Hideki sees US as threat
December 7, 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor in Hawaii Killed 2,400 and destroyed battleships FDR asks congress to declare war on Japan December 11, 1941 Germany and Italy (Japan’s allies) declare war on the United States In the months after, Japan captures the Philippines and other islands owned by US Also overran British Colonies Hong Kong Burma Malaya Delve deeper into Dutch East Indies and French Indochina 1942 Japan empire stretches from Southeast Asia to the western Pacific Ocean
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