1. Judging Swine Developed by:
Richard Coffey, Extension Swine Specialist, University of Kentucky
Kevin Laurent, Extension Associate, University of Kentucky
Warren Beeler, Kentucky Department of Agriculture
Edited for Georgia by Frank B. Flanders
Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum Office
March 2002

2. Slide 1
Steps to Judging Swine
1. Evaluate animals from the ground up and from the butt (rear) forward
2. Rank the traits for their importance
3. Evaluate the most important traits first
4. Eliminate any easy placings in the class
5. Place the class based on the volume of the important traits

3. Ranking of Traits for Market Hogs
Slide 2
Ranking of Traits for Market Hogs
1. Degree of muscling
2. Growth
3. Capacity or volume
4. Degree of leanness
5. Structure and soundness

4. Ranking of Traits for Maternal Line Breeding Gilts
Slide 3
1. Structure and soundness
2. Growth
3. Underline quality
4. Capacity or volume
5. Degree of muscling
6. Degree of leanness

5. Ranking of Traits for Terminal Line Breeding Gilts
Slide 4
1. Structure and soundness
2. Degree of muscling
3. Growth
4. Capacity or volume
5. Degree of leanness
6. Underline quality

6. Evaluating Degree of Muscling
Slide 5
Evaluating Degree of Muscling
1. Thickness through the center of the hams (stifle area)
2. Width between the rear feet when the pig walks and stands
3. Shape over the loin (top) - butterfly shape is desired

7. Evaluating Degree of Muscling - Center Width of Hams -
Slide 6
Too narrow
Good width

8. Evaluating Degree of Muscling - Width Between Rear Feet -
Slide 7
Too narrow
Good width

9. Evaluating Degree of Muscling - Shape of Top -
Slide 8
Great
top shape
Fat top alert
Pork
chop

10. Slide 9
Evaluating Growth
1. Unless instructed otherwise, assume all animals in the class are the same age
2. Evaluate growth based on weight (pounds)
3. Rank animals from heaviest to lightest (heaviest pig = fastest growth)

11. Evaluating Capacity or Volume
Slide 10
Evaluating Capacity or Volume
Capacity (volume) is determined by four factors:
1. Width through rib and chest
2. Depth of body
3. Length of body
4. Balance - how well does the animal=s width, depth, and length fit together)

12. Evaluating Capacity or Volume - Width -
Slide 11
1. Pigs with good width will be wide based
# Walk wide in front and rear
# Good width through the chest
2. The top-1/3 and bottom-1/3 should be the same width, and the middle-1/3 should be wider
# Good spring of rib

13. Evaluating Capacity or Volume - Width -
Slide 12
Too narrow
Nice width

14. Evaluating Capacity or Volume - Width -
Slide 13
Wide
chested

15. Evaluating Capacity or Volume - Depth of Body -
Slide 14
Evaluating Capacity or Volume - Depth of Body -
Depth of body is important for:
1. Capacity for feeding (market hogs)
# Good ability to eat and grow
2. Capacity for reproduction (breeding hogs)
# Ability to carry large litters

16. Evaluating Capacity or Volume - Depth of Body -
Slide 15
Shallow
rear flank
Too deep rear flank

17. Evaluating Capacity or Volume - Depth of Body -
Slide 16
Uniform depth

18. Evaluating Capacity or Volume - Length of Body -
Slide 17
Length is evaluated as the distance from flank to flank
Too short
Long bodied

19. Evaluating Degree of Leanness
Slide 18
Evaluating Degree of Leanness
1. Degree of leanness is influenced by
# Degree of muscling
# Frame size of the pig
# Sex of the pig
# Age and weight of the pig
2. Fat is deposited from the front to the rear
# Checks/Jowls º Behind Shoulders º Flanks º Tailhead

20. Evaluating Degree of Leanness
Slide 19
Evaluating Degree of Leanness
3. Leanness can be determined by identations in the following areas:
# Over and behind the shoulders
# Ham-loin junction
# Dimple just in front of tailhead
4. Key points to remember:
# Muscle is hard, fat is soft
# Muscle is firm, fat is loose

21. Evaluating Degree of Leanness
Slide 20
Evaluating Degree of Leanness
Fat Alerts
Smooth at ham-
loin junction
Smooth over
shoulder
Smooth over back
Loose in
flanks
Wasty jowl and cheeks
Wasty
tailhead
Loose in crotch

22. Evaluating Degree of Leanness
Slide 21
Evaluating Degree of Leanness
Lean Machine
Clean over loin
Well defined ham-
loin junction
Clean over shoulder
Clean and firm in crotch
Clean and firm in flanks

23. Evaluating Structure and Soundness
Slide 22
Evaluating Structure and Soundness
When evaluating structure and soundness, attention should be given to the following areas:
1. Feet and pasterns
2. Hocks
3. Knees
4. Rump
5. Shoulder

24. Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Feet and Pasterns -
Slide 23
Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Feet and Pasterns -
Too much set to pasterns
Feet turned out

25. Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Feet and Pasterns -
Slide 24
Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Feet and Pasterns -
Good set to pasterns and good feet

26. Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Hocks -
Slide 25
Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Hocks -
Too straight
in hocks
Swollen hocks

27. Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Hocks -
Slide 26
Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Hocks -
Good set
and curvature to hocks

28. Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Knees -
Slide 27
Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Knees -
Extreme set
to knees
Bucked-over
at knees

29. Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Knees -
Slide 28
Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Knees -
Good set
to knees

30. Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Rump -
Slide 29
Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Rump -
Too steep
in rump
Nasty Rump

31. Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Rump -
Slide 30
Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Rump -
Good level rump

32. Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Shoulders -
Slide 31
Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Shoulders -
Too straight
in shoulder
Crash

33. Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Shoulders -
Slide 32
Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Shoulders -
Excellent slope and set to shoulder

34. Evaluating Underline Quality
Slide 33
Evaluating Underline Quality
A good underline will consist of the following:
1. Both rows of teats easily accessible
2. Six to seven teats per side
3. Teats evenly spaced
4. Pencil eraser sized teats
5. Free from pin, blind, and inverted nipples

35. Example Market Hog Class I
Slide 34
Example Market Hog Class I

36. Slide 35 1 2 3 4
Official Placing:
Cuts:

37. Example Market Hog Class II
Slide 36
Example Market Hog Class II

38. Slide 37 1 2 3 4
Official Placing:
Cuts:

39. BREEDS OF SWINE NINE MOST POPULAR BREEDS IN THE U.S. Berkshire Chester
Duroc
Hampshire
Landrace
Pietrain
Poland China
Spot
Yorkshire

40. BERKSHIRE BREED CHARACTERISTICS *All black body with six white points
*Erect ears
BENEFITS
*Known as a “Terminal Breed”
*Growth and muscle
*Durable and rugged
*Marbling quality

41. CHESTER BREED CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS All white body
Short thick ears flopping forward
BENEFITS
Known as a “Dual purpose Breed”
Growth
Durable and rugged

42. DUROC BREED CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS All red body
Short ears flopping forward
BENEFITS
Known as a “Terminal Breed”
Grow extremely fast
Durable and rugged

43. HAMPSHIRE BREED CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS *Black body with a white belt
* Erect ears
BENEFITS
*Known as a “Terminal Breed”
* Heavy muscled and lean
*Carcass merit

44. LANDRACE BREED CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS *All white body
* Long thin ears flopping forward
BENEFITS
*Maternal breed-known for mothering
*Known for length of body
* One extra rib

45. PIETRAIN BREED CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS
Spotted body-3/4 white 1/4 black.
Ears floppy, slightly tipped forward.
BENEFITS
Known as a”Terminal Breed”
Extreme Muscle and Leanness
Carcass oriented

46. POLAND CHINA BREED CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS
* All black body with six white points
* Erect Ears
BENEFITS
*Known as a“Terminal Breed”
*Growth
*Durable and rugged
*Marbling quality

47. SPOT BREED CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS
*Body covered with black and white spots
*Ears flopping forward
BENEFITS
*Known as a “Terminal Breed”
*Growth and leanness
*Durable and rugged

48. YORKSHIRE BREED CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS *All white body * Erect ears
*Maternal Breed-known as the “Mother Breed”
*Known also as a “Dual purpose breed”
*Leanness and muscle

49. KNOWLEDGE QUIZ Name the nine most popular breeds in the United States?1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

50. KNOWLEDGE QUIZ NAME THE THREE BREEDS KNOWN FOR MOTHERING?1 2 3
NAME THE TWO BREEDS KNOWN AS DUAL PURPOSE BREEDS?

51. KNOWLEDGE QUIZ NAME THE SIX BREEDS KNOWN AS TERMINAL SIRES? 1 2 3 4 56

52. KNOWLEDGE QUIZ
NAME THE BREED THAT HAS A BLACK BODY, WHITE BELT AND ERECT EARS? 1
NAME THE BREED THAT HAS A ALL RED BODY WITH SHORT EARS FLOPPING FORWARD?
NAME THE BREED THAT HAS A BLACK BODY, SIX WHITE POINTS AND ERECT EARS?