1. International Organizations and Global Technology Meeting 4

2. Origins of Global Media US origins are rooted in commercial media systems where advertising and market forces play crucial roles; view media and culture as commodities Europe and other countries use government model of control (BBC) Duality of approach underlie debate on international organizations

3. UN Economic Social Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Resolutions regarding media issues: 1.Satellite broadcasters must obtain prior consent of national governments before transmitting messages to foreign territory; rejection of ‘free flow’ notion (passed, US only dissenter) 2.Regional meetings of experts will discussion national communication policies 3.Acknowledge responsibility of governments to control media messages (USSR sponsored; failed to pass UN General Assembly

4. New International Economic Order (NIEO) Pressed for changes to enhance development opportunities of peripheral nations Changes in economic orientation and philosophy influenced all aspects of UNESCO activities

5. New World International Communications Order (NWICO) Debated influence and regulation of Western media in peripheral nations Argued against commercial orientation of media and for government control Attack on one-way flow of information through TV and Hollywood films from US without reciprocity

6. General Assembly Decisions Approved NWICO and MacBride report endorsing activities to promote development journalism and communication US withdraw from UNESCO in 1985 because of 1) politicization of issues, statist concepts and mismanagement

7. Recent UNESCO Events UK rejoined New leader - Japanese ambassador Budget problems resolved MacBride RoundTable of academics and journalists meets every 2 years to examine peripheral nations state of affairs and global communication imbalances

8. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 188 nation membership Decisions made on one-nation, one-vote basis; Majority status of peripheral nations Promoting international mobile system IMT-2000 (provides wireless access to global telecom system, coordinates public & private networks, applies satellite and terrestrial systems, promotes conversion in technical standard)

9. International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT) Regional support centers to increase market awareness (Pacific Rim, SE Asia, Europe) Competitors include 1) PanAmSat, Loral Orion Networks and 2) fiber-optic cable systems with broadband width and speed

10. World Trade Organization (WTO) US views media properties like film as economic entities; other nations view products as central to their culture and want to exclude them from WTO negotiations Intellectual property right ground rules being established

11. Conclusion Global village with fractured ITU or weak Intelsat would impact assignments of international frequencies relating to electromagnetic spectrum Commercial losses for core governments and private sector would suffer More attention to ITU issues required to keep global economy healthy