1. Morphology (Review exercises)
LI Nathalie F. Martin

2. What you should know: Derivation: Def: Morphology Morphemes:
Free, bound morphemes
Analysing Word Structure
Root, affix
Base
Affix: prefix, suffix, infixes, circumfix
Derivation:
English derivational affixes
Constraints in derivation
Trees
MORPHOLOGY
(chap. 4, Rowe & Levine)

3. MORPHOLOGY (continued)
What you should know:
Inflection:
Inflection in English
Inflection vs. Derivation
Compounding:
Properties of compounds
 Other Morphological Phenomenon:
Processes: Compounding, Conversion, Clipping, Blending, Back-formation, Acronyms, Onomatopoeia, Eponyms & Trade names, Derivation, Other word formation processes, Foreign word borrowing
MORPHOLOGY (continued)
(chap. 4, Rowe & Levine)

4. TABLE OF CONTENT Morphemes Lexical Categories Compound Words
Affixation and Trees
Bound Morphemes: Inflectional or Derivational?
Word Formation Process
Overall Review

5. Words: simple or complex? Morphemes: Free or bound?

6. Simple or Complex Words/Bound Morphems
Are these words simple or complex?
Circle the bound morphemes.
Anyways  Complex -s
Forget Simple no bm
Undo  Complex, un-
Tonight Complex, no bm
Spleeny Complex, -y
Anyways
Forget
Undo
Tonight
Spleeny
O’Grady, 2009

7. Free & Bound Morphemes Discredit  dis (b) + credit (f) Discredit
Put a plus (+) sign between morphemes.
Label each as bound (b) or free (f)
Discredit  dis (b) + credit (f)
Using  Use (f) + ing (b)
Tricycle  Tri (b) + cycle
Delight Delight (f)
Justify  Just (f) + ify (b)
Discredit
Using
Tricycle
Delight
Justify

8. Free & Bound Morphemes Television Informatory Farming
Reformation
Ranch
Put a plus (+) sign between morphemes.
Label each as bound (b) or free (f)
Tele (b) + vision (f)
In (b) + form (f) + atory (b)
Farm (f) + ing (b)
Re (b) + form (f) + ation (b)
Ranch (f)

9. Lexical Categories

10. Exercise: Word class Establishment a to lovely inconvenience adversely
Determine the word class of each of the following words.
Is it a content word of a function word?
Establishment a to
lovely
inconvenience
adversely
submit or
from
Noun
Determiner
Preposition
Adjective
Adverb
Verb
Conjunction

11. Compound Words

12. REVIEW Makeover Ladybug Workbook Downcast Firefly *Downtrodden
Determine the lexical category of these compound word.
Makeover
Ladybug
Workbook
Downcast
Firefly
*Downtrodden
VERB ADV = N
NOUN NOUN = N
VERB NOUN = N
ADV VERB = Adj
NOUN NOUN = N
ADV V = Adj

13. Affixation and Trees

14. Analyzing Word Structure
Underline the root.
Circle the affix.
Payment
Preplan
Spiteful
Optionality
Suite
Prettier
Fastest
Mistreat
Deform
Premature
Disobey
And draw their tree structure.

15. Word Structure – Morphological Trees
Draw the trees.
a) b)
Reference: O’Grady & al. (2009)

16. Word Structure – Morphological Trees
Draw the tres. c)
Reference: O’Grady & al. (2009)

17. Word Structure – Morphological Trees
Draw their tree structure.
Label the root, the base and the affix
d) Dissatisfied
Adj
Adj Af V Af
Dis satisfi ed

18. Word Structure – Morphological Trees
Draw their tree structure.
Label the root, the base and the affix
d) Activation
Unhappyness
Unhealthy
Root
Base
Base
Base

19. Bound Morphemes: Inflectional or Derivational?

20. Looking at the AFFIX: Inflectional or Derivational?
impermeable
plagiarized
plagiarize
Cats
despair
fragility
slowest
Derivational prefix
Inflectional suffix
Derivational suffix

21. Looking at the AFFIX: Inflectional or Derivational?
premade
undo
whiten
beaten
oxen
slower
teacher
Derivational prefix
Derivational suffix
Inflectional suffix

22. Looking at the AFFIX: Inflectional or Derivational?
Place a plus (+) sign between each morpheme
Label each BM as derivational (D) on inflectional (I).
Bill’s
Running
Player
Action
Roughest
Comes
Friendly
BILL + ‘S (I)
RUN + ING (I)
PLAY + ER (D) *
ACT + ION (D)
ROUGH + EST (I)
COME + S (I)
FRIEND + LY (D)
Rowe & Levine, 2012

23. Looking at the AFFIX: Inflectional or Derivational?
Place a plus (+) sign between each morpheme
Label each as derivational (D) on inflectional (I).
Unfriendly
Longer
Loveable
Judgment
Banana
Slowest
Quicker
UN (D) + FRIEND + LY (D)
LONG + ER (I)
LOVE + ABLE (D)
JUDGE + MENT (D)
BANANA
SLOW + EST (I)
QUICK + ER (I)
Rowe & Levine, 2012

24. Looking at the AFFIX: Inflectional or Derivational?
Place a plus (+) sign between each morpheme
Label each as derivational (D) on inflectional (I).
Unhappy
Semicircle
Nobody
Aaron’s
Broken (adj)
Broken (v)
Happily
UN (D) + HAPPY
SEMI (D) + CIRCLE
NO + BODY
AARON + ‘S (I)
BROKE + EN (D) *
BROKE + EN (I) *
HAPPY + LY (D)
Rowe & Levine, 2012

25. Word Formation Process
How to new Words are created

26. New Word Formation Process
Name all ten word formation processes seen in class:
Derivation
Compounding
Conversion
Clipping
Blending
Back-formation
Acronyms
Onomatopoeia
Eponyms & Trade names
Foreign word borrowing

27. Blending SUFFIXOCATING !!!
What was the word process used for the word « suffixocating »
Blending

28. Complete the process and Identify the type of word formation:
1. Return on Investment 
2. information, entertainment 
3. modulator, demodulator 
4. love, seat 
5. International, police 
6. A comb 
7. delicatessen 
8. Capt. Charles Cunningham Boycott 
ROI 
Infotainment 
Modem 
Loveseat 
Interpol 
To comb 
Deli 
Boycott 
acronym
blends
compounding
conversion
clipping
eponym

29. Homework - Ex 19, p. 144 Automation  automate Humid  humidifier
Information, entertainment 
 infotainment
Loveseat  loveseat
Progress  progress
Typographical error  typo
Aerobics, marathon  aerobathon
Act  deactivate
Curve, ball  curve ball
Backformation
Derivation
Blending
Compounding
Conversion
Clipping
O’Grady, 2009

30. Homework - Ex 19, p. 144 Clipping Perambulator  pram Conversion
Blend
Acronym
Initialism
Perambulator  pram
(the) comb  comb (your hair)
Beef, buffalo  beefalo
Random access memory  RAM
Megabyte  meg
Teleprinter, exchanger  telex
Influenza  flu
GST  Goods and Services Tax
Initialism: An abreviation created by pronouncing a series of letters (e.g. PEI or USA) as letters rather than a word.
Acronym: A word that is formes by taking the intial letters of some or all the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word (e.g. NATO for North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
O’Grady, 2009

31. Let’s invent words!
Invent words that don’t already exist in English, and then define the process that was used to creat this word.

32. Overall Review

33. Morphology Invent a word using this root : VACUUM
by adding a prefix to this base (make sure that there are no constrains to the combination).
And then adding a suffix.
Draw the structure (tree) of the two words that you have just created.
What are the lexical categories of these words?

34. Morphology Invent a word using this root : WORSHIP
by adding a prefix to this base (make sure that there are no constrains to the combination).
And then adding a suffix.
Draw the structure (tree) of the two words that you have just created.
What are the lexical categories of these words?