1. Computer History Suranjana G7Y(A)

2. Introduction Many people didn’t actually know how computers were created. These computers were actually created with more than one person. It did take a long time to make the computer a fast and a useful or benefit device. This presentation will tell you how the computer has developed from its past till now.

3. Early History Started in the early 20th century. Charles Babbage was the person who started the thought of computers. He was a mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, who is best remembered now for originating the concept of a programmable computer. Known as “father of the computer”. Invented the first mechanical computer. People wanted something that could calculate things without having errors. Charles Babbage

4. The Calculator Used At That Time The Abacus

5. First Generation 1941-1956 Vacuum tubes/Punch cards + Magnetic drums for data storage. input = based on punched cards and paper tape output = was displayed on printouts UNIVAC and ENIAC computers

6. Advantages and Disadvantages for 1st Generation Computers Advantages These computers were the fastest calculating devices of their time. They could perform computations in milliseconds. Disadvantages Too bulky in size Unreliable Thousands of vacuum tubes that were used emitted large amount of heat and burnt out frequently. Air conditioning required Not portable

7. Second Generation 1956 - 1963 Transistors replaced vacuum tubes input = Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards. output = Second-generation computers still relied on printouts. Allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first- generation predecessors. COBOL and FORTRAN computers

8. Advantages and Disadvantages for 2nd Generation Computers Advantages The size of the computer was very small as compared to 1st generation of computer. Transistors were used as internal components. Less heat was generated. Hardware failure was not so frequent. Power consumption was not so frequent. Magnetic tape and were used as wider secondary storage. Wider commercial use. Disadvantages Air Conditioner was required. Frequent maintenance was required.

9. Third Generation 1964 - 1971 Integrated Circuits Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.siliconchips semiconductors input = through keyboards and monitors output = interfaced with an operating systeminterfacedoperating system o allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memoryapplications Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors. 3GL computer

10. Advantages and Disadvantages for 3rd Generation Computers Advantages Smaller in size as compared to previous generations due to the use of ICs. Computations were performed in nanoseconds. Less heat was generated as compared to previous generations. Power consumption was less than the previous generations. Hardware failure was rare. These computers were easily portable. Cheaper in price. These computers were used commercially all over the world. Disadvantages Air Conditioning was required in some cases. Technology required to manufacture the IC was very advanced.

11. Fourth Generation 1971 - present Microprocessors Thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer—from the central processing unit.central processing unit memory to input + output controls on a single chip Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.GUIsmouse 4GL computer

12. Advantages and Disadvantages for 4th Generation Computers Advantages Smallest in size due to the use of very large scale integration (VLSI). More reliable as compared to previous generations. Heat generation was negligible. Hardware failure was negligible. Easily portable. Hardware maintenance was very rare. Computations were performed fastly. These computers were cheapest. Disadvantages Highly advanced technology was required to manufacture very large scale integration.

13. Conclusion So in total there are 4 generations of how how a computer has developed till now (Present). It shows how a computer has changed at a period of time. How it has developed from the past few years. Thanks to the people who created computers!

14. Video

16. Citations "Advantages and Disadvantages of 4th Generation of Computers." Zorg Educom RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2013. "The Computer Chronicles - Computer Generations." The Computer Chronicles - Computer Generations. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2013. "Advantages and Disadvantages of 3rd Generation of Computers." Zorg Educom RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2013. "Advantages and Disadvantages of 2nd Generation of Computers." Zorg Educom RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2013. "Advantages and Disadvantages of 1st Generation Computer." Advantages and Disadvantages of 1st Generation Computer. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2013. "The Five Generations of Computers." Webopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2013. "Charles Babbage." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Oct. 2013. Web. 26 Oct. 2013. "First Generation of Computers..." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2013. The document of the history of the computers shown by Mr.Pete.