1. Southern Gulf Islands Marine Protected Area

2. Federal Level National Marine Conservation Area Proposed Sites in BC Southern Gulf Islands National Park

3. Bill C-10 National Marine Conservation Areas Provides for Marine Protected Areas

4. Bill C-10 Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society (CPAWS)- Proposal for Bill C-10 Canada National Marine Conservation Areas Act, October 2000. Provide Canadians with special places to connect with the rich and diverse environments on our shores, and ensure lasting benefits to our coastal communities and the ecological integrity and healthy proliferation of the valuable marine environments.

5. Biodiversity  Marine Protected Areas (MPA) = No Take Zones (NTZ) Oceans Act Size Connections Representative Areas  references - (Mosquera et al. 2000, Polacheck 1990, Russ et al. 1989, Roberts 1997; 1998, Ballantine, 1997)

6. Oceans Act  MPA Criteria:  (1) High biodiversiy  (2) Fish and habitat  (3) Threatened  (4) Unique habitat  S. Gulf Islands:  (1) Nutrients upflow  (2)Rockfish,lingcod  (3) Killer whales  (4) Sponges, sea anenomes

7. Proposed MPA Sites 1. Southern Gulf Islands 2. Gwaii Haanas 3. Scott Islands 4. Queen Charlotte Strait 5. Hakai 6. Gabriola 7. Race Rocks 8. Bowie Seamounts 9. Endeavour Hot Vents

8. Southern Gulf Islands

9. Map

11. Size of No Take Zones (MPA)  Small areas - few kilometers wide, for small animals (Roberts and Haukins 2000)  Large areas - tens of kilometers wide, for larger animals and bird colonies (Mosquera et al. 2000)  Borders - low surface area (Roberts et al. 2001)  Buffer zones - to protect core NTZ centers

12. MPA Connections  Distance - No take zones should be 10 to 50 km apart to maximize biodiversity protection  Currents - link no take zones  Upstream - need to be protected to conserve downstream areas  Arrange - to maximize links between No Take Zones

13. Square Line Square = No Take Zone (NTZ) Line = links (connection between zones) MPA LINKS

14. As the number of no take zones increase, the conections double and triple between these protected areas

15. The overall protected areas increase in size because of the increased number of links between protected sites

16. Representational Areas - types of MPAs  Percentage 20-50% of each ecosystem type should be protected for long- term viability  Ecosystem Identification Topography / ocean features  Exposure High and low tidal exposed areas consist of different species

17. Biodiversity Protection Summary  Small - few kilometers for nonmoving species  Large - 10-20 kilometers for mobile animals  20% - of each habitat type  Research - a survey over time to identify best design for maximum biodiversity

18. People Benefit  First Nations Culture  Public Participation and Education  Economic benefits Fisheries Ecotourism

19. Stake-holders  Study on local involvement in Mediterranean (Badalamenti, 2000) Success is proportional to the involvement of the local community LSP

20. Kelp bed ecology

21. Fisheries  Adult Recruitment  Species Recovery  Life Stage Protection  Genetic Reservoirs  Insurance Against Uncertainty

22. AdjacentFishing Areas Adjacent Fishing Areas  Florida (Taylor et al. 2000) Tagged fish left MPA to enter fishing grounds Tagged fish left MPA to enter fishing grounds Several world records set near MPA Several world records set near MPA  Caribbean (Taylor et al. 2000) Greater abundance, size, and biomass near MPA Greater abundance, size, and biomass near MPA  California (Thompson 1997) Median catch close to MPA significantly greater than median catch far from MPA Median catch close to MPA significantly greater than median catch far from MPA  Gulf of Mexico (Jones 1998) No increase in yield, but compliance by fishers only 65% No increase in yield, but compliance by fishers only 65%

23. MPAs in BC  Whytecliff Park:  Above average lingcod spawning in MPA  Large coppers, quillbacks, and lingcod in MPA  Porteau Cove:  Greater lingcod spawning than in controls

24. Southern Gulf Island Fisheries  Migration route for salmon  Bottom fishery for halibut  Shellfish  Crabs and prawns  Rockfish  Ecotourism

25. Conclusions  NMCA in Southern Gulf Islands will benefit: Biodiversity Culture Ecotourism Fisheries