1. Urbanization

2. Americans Migrate to the Cities The city offered many things that the rural areas did not – electricity, running water, modern plumbing Many people came from rural areas looking for better jobs and better pay Immigrants already living in the cities did not have the money or resources to move out – Urban life quickly spread throughout the US

3. The New Urban Environment Skyscrapers The price of land greatly increased with city population business owners found it easier to expand ‘up’ rather than ‘out’

4. The New Urban Environment As the streets became more crowded, the use of mass transit became a very popular mode of transportation

5. Mass Transportation Cable and trolley cars (earliest forms of mass transit)

6. Mass Transportation Chicago was the first city to build an elevated railroad

7. Mass Transportation Boston (then NY) were the first to install subway systems

8. Separation by Class The wealthiest families established fashionable districts in the hearts of cities They built extravagant homes that overshadowed the lower-class citizens This group became known as the ‘high society’

9. Separation by Class Industrialization, through job creation, greatly helped create a growing middle class Many people in the middle class took advantage of mass transit, and moved out of the cities to the suburbs.

10. Separation by Class The lower/working class were the majority of city populations 3 out of 4 city-dweller lived in tenements In order to supplement their low income, families sent their children to work

11. Urban Problems Crime was an increasing problem in cities – Only got worse as the population grew – Much was to blame on an increase in alcohol abuse

12. Urban Problems Disease and pollution also became topics of concern – Poor sewage disposal caused sever sickness – horse waste covered the streets – Smoke and soot filled the air ( accumulated from coal and wood fires)

13. Urban Politics The political machine came about because cities grew faster than their government In exchange for votes, party bosses would supply city-dweller with jobs, food, protection, etc.

14. Urban Politics Party bosses not only controlled the political machine, they controlled the city’s finances – Many became rich through fraud or graft Bosses accepted bribes and gave control over public utilities to their friends