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Frame Narratives and Epistolary Novels!
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What is a FRAME NARRATIVE?
In a nutshell, a frame narrative is a “story within a story”
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Examples of FRAME NARRATIVES...
Titanic – (the movie) the story of “Old Rose” revisiting the site of the Titanic “bookends” the love story of Jack and “Young Rose” onboard the ship in 1912 Forrest Gump – Forrest (in the present on the bench) is telling his life story (of Forrest in the past) to various citizens on the park bench Can you think of any others?
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Another way to view FRAME NARRATIVES...
We can look at frame narratives as a diagram For example, with Titanic: “Old Rose” Love story of “Young Rose” and Jack
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US AS READERS/VIEWERS Forrest on Bench Forrest’s Stories
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MORE FRAME NARRATIVES... “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” Frankenstein The Canterbury Tales Be sure to take note when we switch between “the frame” and the interior narratives. Ask yourself, why the interruption?!
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FRAME NARRATIVE in Frankenstein
Shelley uses a FRAME NARRATIVE Walton’s letters to his sister Frankenstein’s recollections to Walton The monster’s recollections to Frankenstein Why do you think he may have done this? b/c it pulls us into the world of imagination and blurs the boundary between fantasy and reality by inserting himself in the story.
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FRAME NARRATIVE in Frankenstein
Now that we have all the layers or “voices” for our FRAME NARRATIVE, draw a diagram to represent them Captain Walton Frankenstein The Monster
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So what is the PURPOSE of a FRAME NARRATIVE?
The shifts in point of view (POV) serve to create a sense of verisimilitude Verisimilitude– the appearance of something to be real or true – when what we are reading appears to be true e.g. A character in a book cuts his/her finger and the finger bleeds. We believe it is happening – if the book said the cut finger produced sparks of fire rather than blood, the story would NOT possess verisimilitude
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Epistolary Novel A novel written as a series of documents
Could be letters, radio broadcasts, newspaper clippings, diary entries, etc. Subjectivity vs. Objectivity of Narration Newspaper Articles vs. Diary Entries Important considerations: reliability of narrator, psychological approaches, intended audience of letter Examples: Dracula, Frankenstein, The Color Purple, The Perks of Being a Wallflower, The Screwtape Letters, World War Z
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Application to Frankenstein
Discuss the inclusion of frame narration and epistolary form in our current novel, Frankenstein. Determine the effects and implications of these narrative choices on larger meanings of the text.
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