1. The War in the Pacific

2. Coral Sea Clash Yamamoto wants to rule the Pacific. Yamamoto wants to rule the Pacific. First Carrier vs. Carrier battle. First Carrier vs. Carrier battle. U.S. breaks the code. U.S. breaks the code. First battle at sea. First battle at sea. Yamamoto wants to rule the Pacific. Yamamoto wants to rule the Pacific. First Carrier vs. Carrier battle. First Carrier vs. Carrier battle. U.S. breaks the code. U.S. breaks the code. First battle at sea. First battle at sea.

3. Battle of Coral Sea Off the coast of Australia Off the coast of Australia Completely an aerial battle between planes launched from carriers (first time in history) Completely an aerial battle between planes launched from carriers (first time in history) No clear winner in the battle – but the U.S. did block the invasion of Australia – our ally No clear winner in the battle – but the U.S. did block the invasion of Australia – our ally Off the coast of Australia Off the coast of Australia Completely an aerial battle between planes launched from carriers (first time in history) Completely an aerial battle between planes launched from carriers (first time in history) No clear winner in the battle – but the U.S. did block the invasion of Australia – our ally No clear winner in the battle – but the U.S. did block the invasion of Australia – our ally Plane-to-plane combat at the Battle of Coral Sea. This was the first ‘completely aerial’ battle ever

4. The Battle of Midway The most decisive battle of World War II June 4-7,1942 The most decisive battle of World War II June 4-7,1942

5. Death Tolls Does this chart indicate that the US won?

6. Carriers United States 1Japan4 Planes United States 150 Japan 253 Planes United States 150 Japan 253 Why are these stats important?

7. Midway’s Effects on the Pacific War Japan goes from dominant power in the Pacific to nothing without its Carriers. Japan goes from dominant power in the Pacific to nothing without its Carriers. United States gains the upper hand because our carriers as we can launch attacks from anywhere. United States gains the upper hand because our carriers as we can launch attacks from anywhere. Japan loses key pilots and many Zeros. Japan loses key pilots and many Zeros. (Zeros are very fast planes). (Zeros are very fast planes). Japan goes from dominant power in the Pacific to nothing without its Carriers. Japan goes from dominant power in the Pacific to nothing without its Carriers. United States gains the upper hand because our carriers as we can launch attacks from anywhere. United States gains the upper hand because our carriers as we can launch attacks from anywhere. Japan loses key pilots and many Zeros. Japan loses key pilots and many Zeros. (Zeros are very fast planes). (Zeros are very fast planes).

8. Island Hopping A strategy that suffocates an enemies holdings by closing off supply lines through the use of secret attacks on multiple targets from multiple directions at once. A strategy that suffocates an enemies holdings by closing off supply lines through the use of secret attacks on multiple targets from multiple directions at once. Allowed the US to “leapfrog” into Japan without facing an all out direct attack. Allowed the US to “leapfrog” into Japan without facing an all out direct attack. Admiral Nimitz - leads sea attacks Admiral Nimitz - leads sea attacks General McArthur - leads land attacks General McArthur - leads land attacks A strategy that suffocates an enemies holdings by closing off supply lines through the use of secret attacks on multiple targets from multiple directions at once. A strategy that suffocates an enemies holdings by closing off supply lines through the use of secret attacks on multiple targets from multiple directions at once. Allowed the US to “leapfrog” into Japan without facing an all out direct attack. Allowed the US to “leapfrog” into Japan without facing an all out direct attack. Admiral Nimitz - leads sea attacks Admiral Nimitz - leads sea attacks General McArthur - leads land attacks General McArthur - leads land attacks

9. Battle of Guadalcanal August 1942 – Americans win first major LAND victory on the island of Guadalcanal August 1942 – Americans win first major LAND victory on the island of Guadalcanal U.S. used Navajo Indians as “Code-talkers” U.S. used Navajo Indians as “Code-talkers” Helped the U.S. communicate safely without the Japanese translating our messages Helped the U.S. communicate safely without the Japanese translating our messages August 1942 – Americans win first major LAND victory on the island of Guadalcanal August 1942 – Americans win first major LAND victory on the island of Guadalcanal U.S. used Navajo Indians as “Code-talkers” U.S. used Navajo Indians as “Code-talkers” Helped the U.S. communicate safely without the Japanese translating our messages Helped the U.S. communicate safely without the Japanese translating our messages A Navajo “Code-Talker” in action

10. The Navajo Language Only about 25 non-Navajo people in the entire world could speak the language Only about 25 non-Navajo people in the entire world could speak the language Made up words for terms that didn’t exist in their language (names of birds meant “airplanes” and the word “egg” actually meant “bomb”) Made up words for terms that didn’t exist in their language (names of birds meant “airplanes” and the word “egg” actually meant “bomb”) Only about 25 non-Navajo people in the entire world could speak the language Only about 25 non-Navajo people in the entire world could speak the language Made up words for terms that didn’t exist in their language (names of birds meant “airplanes” and the word “egg” actually meant “bomb”) Made up words for terms that didn’t exist in their language (names of birds meant “airplanes” and the word “egg” actually meant “bomb”)

11. Battle of Iwo Jima

12. Iwo Jima (Feb-Mar 1945) 23,000 U.S. troops killed or wounded in order to take Iwo Jima 23,000 U.S. troops killed or wounded in order to take Iwo Jima Japanese lost 20,703 men and 216 were taken prisoner. Japanese lost 20,703 men and 216 were taken prisoner. Victory marked by the raising of the U.S. flag atop Mt. Suribachi Victory marked by the raising of the U.S. flag atop Mt. Suribachi 23,000 U.S. troops killed or wounded in order to take Iwo Jima 23,000 U.S. troops killed or wounded in order to take Iwo Jima Japanese lost 20,703 men and 216 were taken prisoner. Japanese lost 20,703 men and 216 were taken prisoner. Victory marked by the raising of the U.S. flag atop Mt. Suribachi Victory marked by the raising of the U.S. flag atop Mt. Suribachi US 110,000 v. Japan 22,000

13. The Manhattan Project In 1939, Albert Einstein, a Jewish refugee, informs FDR of a revolutionary new bomb – one that the Germans may have access to. The Manhattan Project is launched to develop the atomic bomb, in a race with the Germans. In 1945, President Truman will have the opportunity to put that technology to use to end the war.

14. The Manhattan Project U.S. feared that an invasion of Japan would result in 200,000 American casualties – and perhaps 1-2 million Japanese casualties U.S. feared that an invasion of Japan would result in 200,000 American casualties – and perhaps 1-2 million Japanese casualties U.S. considers using an “Atomic Bomb” to end the war quickly U.S. considers using an “Atomic Bomb” to end the war quickly Bomb had been developed as part of the “Manhattan Project” since 1942 Bomb had been developed as part of the “Manhattan Project” since 1942 U.S. feared that an invasion of Japan would result in 200,000 American casualties – and perhaps 1-2 million Japanese casualties U.S. feared that an invasion of Japan would result in 200,000 American casualties – and perhaps 1-2 million Japanese casualties U.S. considers using an “Atomic Bomb” to end the war quickly U.S. considers using an “Atomic Bomb” to end the war quickly Bomb had been developed as part of the “Manhattan Project” since 1942 Bomb had been developed as part of the “Manhattan Project” since 1942

15. U.S. uses the atomic bombs President Truman warned Japan to either surrender or else face “complete destruction” President Truman warned Japan to either surrender or else face “complete destruction” Japan refused Japan refused U.S. drops bombs on Hiroshima (70,000 killed) - (Little Boy) and Nagasaki (40,000 killed) - Fat man U.S. drops bombs on Hiroshima (70,000 killed) - (Little Boy) and Nagasaki (40,000 killed) - Fat man Japan surrenders five days later Japan surrenders five days later President Truman warned Japan to either surrender or else face “complete destruction” President Truman warned Japan to either surrender or else face “complete destruction” Japan refused Japan refused U.S. drops bombs on Hiroshima (70,000 killed) - (Little Boy) and Nagasaki (40,000 killed) - Fat man U.S. drops bombs on Hiroshima (70,000 killed) - (Little Boy) and Nagasaki (40,000 killed) - Fat man Japan surrenders five days later Japan surrenders five days later

16. V-J Day (Victory Over Japan Day) August 15, 1945 (VE-Day was May 7, 1945) August 15, 1945 (VE-Day was May 7, 1945) Potsdam Declaration by Churchill Potsdam Declaration by Churchill "We call upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all Japanese armed forces, and to provide proper and adequate assurances of their good faith in such action. The alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction." "We call upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all Japanese armed forces, and to provide proper and adequate assurances of their good faith in such action. The alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction." August 15, 1945 (VE-Day was May 7, 1945) August 15, 1945 (VE-Day was May 7, 1945) Potsdam Declaration by Churchill Potsdam Declaration by Churchill "We call upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all Japanese armed forces, and to provide proper and adequate assurances of their good faith in such action. The alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction." "We call upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all Japanese armed forces, and to provide proper and adequate assurances of their good faith in such action. The alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction."