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Published byDamon McDonald Modified over 8 years ago
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Patterns of Heredity and Human Genetics
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Pedigree – made up of a set of symbols that identify males and females, the individuals affected by a trait being studied and family relationships (Family Tree)
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Pedigree
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Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Lethal genetic disorder among whites Thick mucus in lungs and digestive tract Defective protein in the plasma membrane
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Tay Sachs Disease Missing enzymes that breaks down lipids Causes blindness, progressive loss of movement and mental deterioration
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) Missing enzyme needed to break down amino acid phenylalanine to a different amino acid tyrosine Damages central nervous system Cannot break down milk, results in retardation
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Tongue Rolling Hapsburg Lip - The lower lip and chin protrude, sometimes forcing the mouth open. Earlobe (Free-hanging) Hitchhiker’s Thumb Thick Lips Huntingtons Disease Double Jointedness
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Lethal, appears between ages 30 – 50 Breakdown of portions of the brain
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Incomplete Dominance Inheritance pattern where the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between those of the 2 homozygotes
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Ex. RR (Red Flowers) x R’R’ (white flowers) = F1 offspring are pink RR R'RR' R'RR'
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With codominance, a cross between organisms with two different phenotypes produces offspring with a third phenotype in which both of the parental traits appear together..
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All organisms have: Autosomes – non-sex chromosomes that carry all characteristics except sex Sex Chromosomes – two chromosomes that determine sex XX – Female, X is rod shaped XY – Male, Y is J or hook shaped
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Humans – 46 chromosomes Autosomes – 44 chromosomes Sex Chromosomes – 2 chromosomes Drosophila – 8 chromosomes Autosomes – 6 chromosomes Sex Chromosomes – 2 chromosomes
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Traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes
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Those carried on the X and Y chromosome 1. Hemophilia – free bleeders (X chromosome) Person lacks the gene needed for clotting of the blood 2. Colorblindness – not being able to determine the difference between colors, usually red and green, usually found in males, caused by recessive gene on X chromosome Both conditions are recessive and appear most often in males. A pedigree chart is used to trace genetic traits in families
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