1. What is the fate of excess glucose? Excess glucose is converted to glycogen by the liver for storage. Some of the excess glucose is converted to lipid.

2. Calculate the energy in 300mL milk Milk (per 100 mL) Energy272 kJ Carbohydrate4.8g Protein3.4g Fat3.8g Calcium110 mg 272*3 = 816 kJ

3. What is L? Pancreas

4. Villus number Large number to increase surface area

5. Dietary fibre Function Stimulate peristalsis in gut (intestine)

6. Night blindness Not enough Vitamin A

7. What is the fate of excess protein? Excess amino acids cannot stored and will be broken down in liver by deamination : (i) Urea formed is carried via the bloodstream to the kidneys and is excreted in the urine. (ii) The remaining part of the amino acid is converted to glycogen and stored in liver.

8. What is the fate of excess protein? Excess amino acids cannot stored and will be broken down in liver by deamination : (i) Urea formed is carried via the bloodstream to the kidneys and is excreted in the urine. (ii) The remaining part of the amino acid is converted to glycogen and stored in liver.

9. What is E? Ileum

10. Dietary fibre Deficiency disease Constipation

11. Vitamin D Deficiency disease Rickets

12. Suggest a reason why construction workers require more energy than office clerks. Construction worker need more energy for stronger muscle contraction.

13. Explain how stomach is protected from digestion. Mucus can protect stomach from digestion

14. The human digestive system consists of Alimentary canal and Digestive glands

15. Pancreas Digestive juice Pancreatic juice

16. Vitamin D Function Help Calcium absorption

17. Intestinal juice contain Carbohydrase, protease

18. Digestion of protein starts at K

19. Constipation Need to eat more vegetables

20. Calculate the amount of milk should take to get 900mg of calcium. Milk (per 100 mL) Energy272 kJ Carbohydrate4.8g Protein3.4g Fat3.8g Calcium110 mg 900/110*100 = 818 mL

21. Albustix paper Positive result Yellow to Green

22. Calcium Deficiency disease Rickets

23. Which part stores faeces? N

24. Scurvy Need to eat more Fruit, vegetable

25. Stomach Physical digestion by Churning of muscle

26. The average energy requirment of Sam is 12000kJ but his average daily intake is 14000 kJ. Explain how his diet affects his body weight. The energy intake (14000kJ) of the man is more than his daily need (12000 kJ). Excess energy will be convert to fatty tissue and stored under skin and around internal organs. His weight increases / he will be overweight

27. Saliva contain Salivary amylase, water

28. Pregnant women need more protein because They need more protein for foetus growth

29. Rickets Not enough Calcium/ Vitamin D

30. Pancreatic juice Secreted by Pancreas

31. What part is acidic? K

32. Scurvy Not enough Vitamin C

33. Clinistix paper Positive result Red to purple

34. Peter: Weight:50kg, Daily energy requirements: 11500 kJ Calculate Peter’s daily energy requirement per unit body weight (kJ/kg)? 11500/50 = 230 kJ/kg

35. Lipid Food test Spot test

36. What is absorption? The digested food molecules enter the circulatory system.

37. What food substances are absorbed by Z? Lipid soluble substances: fatty acid, glycerol, vitamin A, D, E, K Z

38. Vitamin C Food test DCPIP test

39. Baby need more energy per unit body weight because The relative surface area of baby is large, they need more energy to produce heat to compensate heat loss

40. What is digestion? Food is broken down into soluble and simple molecules.

41. DCPIP test Positive result Blue to colourless Decolorized

42. Reducing sugar Food test Benedict’s test

43. Blood in Y will first transport to….through…… liver; hepatic portal vein Y

44. Constipation Not enough Dietary fibre

45. Constructive worker need more energy because They need more energy for stronger muscle contraction

46. Night blindness Need to eat more Fish liver oil, carrot

47. Rickets Need to eat more Dairy product, Cheese, Milk

48. Glucose Function Produce energy by respiration

49. What is egestion? The undigested materials are removed from the body as faeces.

50. What is assimilation? The absorbed food molecules are taken up by cells for metabolism.

51. What are the importance of food? Providing energy for doing activities and keeping us warm; Providing raw materials for growth and repair of body tissues; maintaining health

52. Anaemia Need to eat more Meat, liver

53. Calculate the amount of milk should take to get 3600kJ ? Milk (per 100 mL) Energy272 kJ Carbohydrate4.8g Protein3.4g Fat3.8g Calcium110 mg 3600/272*100 = 1323.5mL

54. Small intestine is long because It can provide more time to digest and absorb food substances.

55. Bile contain Bile salt, hydrogencarbonate salt, bile pigment

56. Lipase Can be found in Pancreatic juice

57. contain Amylase, protease, lipase, Hydrogencarbonate salt

58. Gastric juice contain Protease, hydrochloric acid

59. What is Z? Lacteal Z

60. Iron Function Form haemoglogin

61. Amylase Can be found in Saliva, pancreatic juice

62. Food move in alimentary canal by peristalsis

63. Which part is acidic? stomach

64. Energy requirement depands on Age, gender, occupation, body status

65. What is N? Rectum

66. Which part absorbs the largest amount of nutrient? E

67. Iron Deficiency disease Anaemia

68. Gastric juice Secreted by Gastric gland in stomach

69. Benedict’s test Positive result Brick red precipitate

70. Liver Digestive juice Bile

71. Protein Food test Albustix paper

72. Stomach Digestive juice Gastric juice

73. Girls needs more iron than boys because Girls loss blood in menstruation. They need more iron to produce blood

74. Teenager need more protein because They need more protein for growth

75. What food substances are absorbed by Y? Water soluble substances: glucose, amino acid, vitamin C, minerals, water Y

76. What is B? Gall bladder

77. Glucose Food test Clinistix paper

78. Intestinal juice Secreted by Intestinal gland in small intestine

79. Spot test Positive result Translucent spot disappeared

80. Anaemia Not enough Iron

81. State two features of X that allow it to absorb food substances easily. X is finger like to increase surface area to absorb food. There are lots of X in small intestine to increase surface area to absorb food. X

82. Vitamin C Function Forming connective tissue

83. Mouth Digestive juice Saliva

84. Chemical digestion by Digestive enzymes

85. How to choose a healthier fast food? Choose fast food with less sugar, less fried meat and more fresh vegetables

86. What is the fluid inside Z? Lymph Z

87. Mouth Physical digestion by Chewing of teeth

88. Bile Physical digestion by Emulsify fat to oil droplet to increase surface area for lipase to act on

89. Our body weight increase because Our energy intake is more than energy output. Excess energy will change to lipid and store in our body.

90. Small intestine Digestive juice Intestinal juice

91. What is X? Villus X

92. Iodine test Positive result Brown to blue black

93. Protein Functions Growth and repair, produce enzyme, hormone, haemoglobin

94. Lipid Function Produce energy, shock absorber, heat insulator

95. Protease Can be found in Gastric juice, pancreatic juice, intestinal juice

96. Calcium Function Form bones and teeth

97. Water Function As solvent, for transport, heat loss by sweating

98. Physical digestion function Increase surface area of food for digestive enzyme to act on

99. Fast food is unhealthy because It contain lots of carbohydrates and fats. But usually not enough dietary fibre.

100. Vitamin C Deficiency disease Scurvy

101. Vitamin A Deficiency disease Night blindness

102. What part does digestion of lipid start? D

103. Vitamin A Function Form pigment for night vision

104. Teenager need more protein because They need more protein for growth

105. Teenager need more calcium for The growth of bones and teeth

106. Our body weight decrease when Our energy output is more than energy intake. Stored lipid and glycogen will be used to produce energy.

107. Villus shape Finger like to increase surface area for absorption

108. What is Y? Blood capillaries Y

109. Starch Food test Iodine test

110. Matching Glucose..Protein Glycerol..Starch Amino acid..Lipid Fatty acid.

111. Saliva Secreted by Salivary gland

112. What is ingestion? Food is taken in through the mouth.

113. Bile Secreted by Liver

114. What are the 7 types of food substances? carbohydrate 碳水化合物 protein 蛋白質 lipid 脂質 mineral 礦物質 vitamin 維生素 dietary fibre 食用纖維 water

115. What part is ingestion take place? H