Download presentation
1
Chapter 4 Ecology of Parenting
2
What makes a good parent?
Prologue What makes a good parent?
3
Where do we get our values and information about how we should parent?
What is a “good” parent (in terms of society, the child, the self)? How do children influence parenting?
4
Parenting – means implanting a serious of decisions about the socialization of one’s children
5
Fig. 4-1, p. 130 Figure 4.1: An Ecological Model of Human Development.
Parenting is the means by which the family socializes the child. Fig. 4-1, p. 130
6
Macrosystem influences on parenting
Political ideology Most traditional societies subscribe to an aristocratic political ideology, or government by the highest-ranking class individuals Many modern societies such as the United States, subscribe to a democratic political ideology
7
Macrosystem influences on parenting
Political ideology Historically, some have believed that one’s main purpose was to serve God or one’s country. Others believe in serving the family or one’s self
8
Macrosystem influences on parenting
Culture There are three universal parenting goals: Ensuring physical health and survival Developing behavioral capacities for economic self-maintenance Instilling behavioral capacities for maximizing cultural values such as morality, prestige, and achievement
9
Macrosystem influences on parenting
Culture How various cultures prioritize these universal parenting goals may explain differences in maternal behavior toward infants Culture, economics, and children’s behavior
10
Figure 4.2: Dimensions of Sociocultural Characteristics and Socialized Behavior.
The behavior emphasized in children is related to the social and economic structure of the culture. Fig. 4-2, p. 134
11
Macrosystem influences on parenting
Socioeconomic status (SES) A family’s SES is its rank or position within society Parental occupations and children’s behavior
12
Macrosystem influences on parenting
Ethnicity/Religion The cooperative/interdependent (collective orientation) Authority roles tend to be hierarchical Communication patterns vary Display of emotions vary Discipline/guidance Skills emphasis
13
Macrosystem influences on parenting
Competitive/independent (individualistic) orientation Authority roles Communication patterns vary Displays of emotions vary Discipline/guidance of children Skills emphasis
14
Attachment
15
Video Question Discuss the importance of consistent and responsive caregiving to a child’s emotional health and well-being.
16
Table 4-1, p. 144
17
Chronosystem influences on parenting
Historical trends Colonial America Parenting was adult-centered Tradition and religion influences child-rearing practices Early childhood was viewed “as a negative period of life…” There were ideas from many philosophers
18
Chronosystem influences on parenting
Historical trends Nineteenth century G. Stanly Hall
19
Chronosystem influences on parenting
Historical trends Twentieth century John B. Watson Benjamin Spock Jean Piaget Trends in American child-rearing
20
Chronosystem influences on parenting
Family Dynamics Children’s characteristics Age Temperament Gender Presence of a disability
21
Chronosystem influences on parenting
Family Dynamics Family Characteristics Size Configuration Parent’s life stages Marital quality
22
Fig. 4-3, p. 157 Figure 4.3: Dimensions of Parenting Styles.
Source: Based on Maccoby and Martin, 1983 Fig. 4-3, p. 157
23
Parenting styles Microsystem influences: Between parent and child
Attachment—an outcome of sensitive responsive caregiving Self-regulation and prosocial behavior
24
Parenting styles Diana Baumrind classified preschool children into three groups based on their behavior Competent children Withdrawn children Immature children
25
Parenting styles Baumrind determined three classifications of child-rearing Authoritative Authoritarian Permissive
26
Table 4-2, p. 160
28
Table 4-3, p. 162
29
Parenting Styles Mesosystem influences: between parents and others
School Community
30
Table 4-4, p. 164
31
Appropriate parenting practices
Developmental appropriateness Guidance and discipline
32
Figure 4.4: Parental Practices: Guidance and Discipline.
Fig. 4-4, p. 166
33
Inappropriate Parenting Practices
Child maltreatment: Abuse and neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Psychological or emotional abuse Correlates and consequences of child maltreatment
34
Inappropriate Parenting Practices
The family and maltreatment Often parents have a history of being maltreated Parents who were abused as children are prone to character and behavior disorders, self-doubt, and internal anger Parents who have emotional problems, financial problems, stress, lack knowledge about child development, and are immature may neglect or abuse
35
Inappropriate Parenting Practices
The family and maltreatment Abusive parents often have unrealistic expectations of their children Depression and alcoholism have been linked to abuse Abusive parents often look to their children to fulfill needs unmet in their own childhood
36
Inappropriate Parenting Practices
The child and maltreatment Certain physical and psychological characteristics have been associated more often with abused children than with non-abused children Children who are more difficult than average to care for seem more often to be subjected to maltreatment
37
Figure 4.5: An Ecological Model of Risk and Resilient Factors in Child Maltreatment.
Sources: Adapted from Parke and Lewis, 1981, p. 171; Cicchetti and Lynch, 1993 Fig. 4-5, p. 171
38
Inappropriate Parenting Practices
The community and maltreatment Abusive families tend to be isolated The line between physical abuse and acceptable discipline sometimes depends on the interpreter (society)
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.