1. The Legislative Branch TEST REVIEW

2. Activator  Pick up a notecard  Take out your pink Unit 3 Sheet.  Write down 3 questions/terms that you do not understand.

3. Bicameral Legislature  2 Houses  House of Representatives  Senate  Great Compromise

4. 20 th Amendment  Congressional Terms begin on January 3 rd in odd numbered years  Used to begin in March  Ex. 114 th Congress began on January 3 rd 2015

5. Census  Population count  Every 10 years since 1790  Next will be in 2020

6. Reapportionment  Redistricting- state legislatures  Based on census  Reapportionment Act of 1929  Limited House to 435 members  States gain or lose based on population

7. Gerrymandering  Political party drawing voting district boundaries to gain an advantage in elections  Packing- all opposing party in 1 district  Cracking- dividing opposing party into other districts  Baker v. Carr- federal courts decide conflicts over boundaries  Wesbury v. Sanders (GA)- one man, one vote rule (similar sized districts)

8. 27 th Amendment  Prohibits sitting Congress from giving itself a pay raise  As of 2009, Congressional salary is $174,000/year. More for leadership positions.

9. Censure  Formal disapproval of members actions

10. Incumbent  Person currently holding a political office  Historically, 90% win reelection

11. Constituent  People represented by a politician

12. House of Representatives  435 members  Based on Population  Virginia Plan  Complex Rules  Committees do most of the work  Leader- Speaker of the House, chosen by caucus  Rules Committee- directs flow of legislation

13. Majority Leader  Elected by majority party  Party official

14. Minority Leader  Elected by minority party  Party official

15. Quorum  Minimum number of members who must be present to vote on legislation  House 218

16. Senate  100 Members  2 per state  6 year term  More prestigious  More flexible rules  VP- technically President- only votes to break tie  President Pro Tempore-usually most senior member of majority party

17. Filibuster  Used to prevent a vote  Strom Thurmond- 24 hours & 18 minutes  Stopped by 60 votes for cloture (3/5)  Cloture- allows senator to speak for only 1 hour on a bill under debate

18. Standing Committee  Permanent Committee  Agriculture, Appropriations, Armed Services, Budget, Education, Energy & Commerce, Financial Services, Government Reform, House Admin, International Relations, Judiciary, Resources, Rules, Science, Small Business, Veterans’ Affairs, Ways and Means

19. Subcommittee  Specializes in specific topics of standing committees

20. Select Committees  Temporary Committee  Matters of public concern  Overlooked problems  Problems of interest groups

21. Joint Committees  Members from House and Senate  Do not propose legislation

22. Conference Committee  Temporary committee to resolve differences between House and Senate version of bill

23. Seniority System  Longest serving members of majority party tend to lead committees

24. Necessary & Proper Clause  Article 1, Section 8  Elastic Clause  Implied Powers  Strict vs. Loose

25. Expressed Powers  Taxes, borrow money, bankruptcy laws, coin money, punish counterfeiters, regulate foreign and interstate trade, declare war, raise and support army & navy, regulate National Guard, Punish acts on international waters, naturalization laws, post office, copyrights & patents, create lower courts, govern DC

26. McCullough vs. Maryland  Bank of the US  Marshall Court  Loose Construction  Implied Powers

27. Naturalization  Congress sets rules for becoming a US citizen

28. 25 th Amendment 1. VP becomes President if president dies, resigns or is impeached 2. President appoints a new VP if office is vacant, Congress must approve 1. VP- Spiro Agnew resigns 2. Nixon appoints Ford 3. Nixon resigns 4. Ford appoints Nelson A. Rockefeller as VP 3. Replacing President with and w/o his/her consent

29. Impeachment  House calls for impeachment- formal accusation of misconduct  If impeached, Senate holds trial. 2/3 of Senators must vote to remove. Chief Justice presides if President is being tried.  Andrew Johnson- impeach, but acquitted by one vote  Nixon- resigned before impeachment  Clinton- impeached, but acquitted

30. National Budget  OMB  President  Congress  President

31. Private vs. Public Bills  Private bills- deal with individuals; often people’s claims against gov’t or immigration problems  Public bill- raising or lowering taxes, Obamacare etc.

32. Pigeonholing  Committee lets bill die

33. Hearing  Committee listens to testimony to gather information about a bill

34. Mark Up  After committee meeting  Changes made to a bill  After mark up, bill must pass committee with a majority vote

35. Voice Vote  One of 3 ways to vote on a bill

36. Veto  President rejects a bill  2/3rds of Congress must vote to override veto

37. Pocket Veto  A pocket veto is when the president does not sign a bill passed in the last 10 days of a Congressional session.

38. Logrolling  “You scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours”  Public works legislation

39. Pork Barrel Legislation  Congressmen and/or representatives try to bring money to their own districts.  Pork barrel= federal money  Fat= federal project in district