1.  SPAIN AND PORTUGAL = 16 TH CENTURY  DUTCH REPUBLIC, FRANCE, ENGLAND = 17 TH CENTURY

2.  PORTUGUESE HAD CONTROL OVER SLAVE TRADE IN AFRICA AND SPICE TRADE IN INDIAN OCEAN  MID-17 TH CENTURY - DUTCH SEIZE CONTROL OF PORTUG. FORTS ON W. COAST OF AFRICA AND TAKE CONTROL OF TRADE IN THE INDIAN OCEAN  THE DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY  CAPE TOWN

4. 1. AFFECTED COAST NOT INTERIOR 2. 16-18 TH CENTURY TENS OF MILLIONS ENSLAVED 3. PRIOR TO 16 TH CENT SLAVERY WAS LIMITED 4. SUGARCANE AND SUGAR PLANTATIONS SET UP IN THE 17 TH CENT IN CARIBBEAN AND SOUTH AMERICA 5. NATIVES HAD BEEN KILLED/DIED OFF -> NEED FOR NEW LABOR = AFRICA

5.  ENSLAVED AFRICANS 1. 16 TH CENT = 275,000 2. 17 TH CENT = OVER 1 MILLION 3. 18 TH CENT = 6 MILLION 4. 19 TH CENT = SLAVE TRADE IS ENDING = 2 MILLION 5. EST THAT 10 MILLION AFRICANS WERE FORCIBLE EXPORTED TO THE AMERICAS

6.  HIGH MORTALITY RATES - 10%  300-450 SLAVES PER SHIP  100 DAY JOURNEY  UNSANITARY, CROWDED, INHUMAN CONDITIONS  HIGH DEATH RATE DUE TO DISEASE IN THE NEW WORLD

7. 1. RAVAGED INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES 2. CHEAP GOODS FROM EUROPE DESTROYED LOCAL COTTAGE INDUSTRY IN AFRICA 3. DEPOPULATION - YOUNGEST AND STRONGEST TAKEN 4. POLITICAL EFFECTS - INCREASED TRIBAL WARFARE AND VIOLENCE

8. 1. DIDN’T EXIST IN EUROPE 2. RACISM 3. FIRST OPPOSITION = THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS = THE QUAKERS - 1770’S 4. ABOLISHED IN French rev. 1790’s 5. BRITAIN ABOLISHES SLAVERY IN 1807 6. USA NOT UNTIL THE CIVIL WAR IN THE 1860’S

9.  PORTUGAL ATTEMPTED TO DOMINATE TRADE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA  PORTUGAL LACKED ENOUGH WEALTH AND POP TO COLONIZE ASIA  SPANISH ESTABLISH CONTROL OF THE PHILIPPINES  PORTUGUESE TRADE EMPIRE IS SQUEEZED OUT BY THE DUTCH AND ENGLISH  BY THE END OF 18 TH CENT DUTCH TAKE COLONIAL CONTROL OF INDONESIA  MAINLAND STATES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA ABLE TO RESIST EUROPEAN CONTROL -> BURMA, THAILAND, VIETNAM

10.  The right to sell slaves in Spanish colonies  English gained control of the asiento  English made huge profits in the slave trade