1. ROME

2. MEMBERS:
Isabella Flores
Johan Sierra
CLASS:
Social Studies

3. Rome´s Geography and Early Settlement
The first settlers on Rome´s seven hills were not thinking about building a great empire.
They chose there because it seemed to be a good place to live, hills helped to defend, soil was fertile, and it had a river.
THE ETRUSCANS
600 B.C. this people appeared and held power in Rome.

4. They didn´t want to have more kings,
so they wanted a government that did not
rely on one ruler. In a republic,
citizens who have the right to
vote select their leaders.

5. THE ROMAN SENATE
The most powerful part of the government was the senate, this was the branch that proposes and votes on new laws. At first, the senate was made up of only of 300 upper-class men called patricians. A patrician was a member of a wealthy family.
Ordinary citizens were known as plebeians. They couldn´t hold office or be senators.

6. Two chief officials called
consuls led the government.
The consuls were elected by
the assembly of citizens. They
ruled for one year only. If
only one consul said “veto”
(“I Forbid”), the matter was
dropped. A Veto is the
rejection of any planned action
by a person in power.

7. OTHER IMPORTANT OFFICIALS
Dictators were roman official who had all the powers of a king but could hold office for only six months.
Praetors(PREE turz) were other important officials. They functioned as junior consuls, and judges in civil-law trials.

8. DECLINE OF THE REPUBLIC
Rome was in trouble by 120 B.C. some leaders tried to break up estates and give land to the plebeians, the patricians fought back and plebeian leaders were murdered.
Julius Caesar rise, he was a smart leader he eager for power from 58 to 51 B.C., He became dictator in 48 B.C. 4 years later war continued.
On march 15, 44 B.C., caesar had plans to attend a meeting of the senate, his wife telled not to go because she sensed danger, he didn´t obey, at the meeting a group of senators gathered around caesar, they pulled out some knives and killed him.

9. ROMAN EMPIRE

10. RULING AN EMPIRE Augustus was an intelligent ruler. When he was
struggling for power, he often ignored the senate
ans its laws. After he own control, he changed his
manner, he showed respect and he
was careful to avoid acting like a king,
he didn´t wanted to suffer the same as
Julius Caesar.

11. The five “Good Emperors”
Two of the worst were Caligula and Nero, both may have been insane.
Caligula proclaimed himself a god and was cruel, unfair ruler.
Nero murdered his half-brother, his mother, and his wife.
In fact, Caligula and Nero were so despised the Romans later tried to forget them by removing mention of their reigns from official records.

12. The greatest of the five was Hadrian, he worked hard to build a good government, his laws protected women, children, and slaves. He issued a code of laws so that all laws were the same throughout the empire.
The last of the “Good Emperors”, Marcus Aurelius, chose his son Commodus to follow him. Commodus was a terrible leader who ruled with great brutality.

13. The Greek Influence on Rome
The Romans admired Greek achievements.
RELIGION
Greek religion influenced Roman religion. Like the Greeks, Romans practiced polytheism-the belief in more than one god-and offered prayers and sacrifices to their gods.
BUILDING ON IDEAS
The greeks were interested in ideas, they sought to learn truths about the world throughreason. They developed studies such as mathematics, philosophy, and astronomy, or the study of the stars and planets.

14. Architecture and Technology
Roman statues and buildings were heavier and stronger in style than those of the Greeks. Romans made advances in the use of the arch-a curved structure used as a support over an open space, as in a doorway.
Roads an Aqueducts. They built roads from Rome to every part of the empire. They were famous for their aqueducts, structures that carried water over long distances.
The colosseum. Possibly the greatest Roman building was the Colosseum, the site of contests and combats between people and between people and animals.

15. Roman Law The laws spread throughout the empire.
The great Roman Cicero expressed
Roman feeling about law when he said,
“What sort of thing is the law? It is the kind the cannot be bent by influence, or broken by power, or spoiled by money.”

16. The ruler Justinian created a code of justice from Roman law
The ruler Justinian created a code of justice from Roman law. It included this laws:
“No one suffers a penalty for what he thinks. No one may be forcibly removed from his own house. The burden of proof is upon the person who accuses. In inflicting penalties, the age and inexperience of the guilty party must be taken into account.”

17. Roman Citizens Citizenship in ancient Rome
was a privileged political and legal
status afforded to freeborn
individuals with respect to laws,
property, and governance. Every
five years Roman men registered
for the census, or official count
of people living in Rome.

18. SOCIAL CLASSES
A male Roman citizen enjoyed a wide range of privileges and protections defined in detail by the Roman state.
Roman women had a limited form of citizenship. Though held in high regard they were not allowed to vote or stand for civil or public office.
Client state citizens and allies (socii) of Rome could receive a limited form of Roman citizenship such as the Latin Right. While such citizens could vote in Roman elections, it was impractical.

19. Slaves were considered property and lacked legal personhood
Slaves were considered property and lacked legal personhood. Some slaves were freed by manumission for services rendered, or through a testamentary provision when their master died. Once free, they faced few barriers.
Freedmen were former slaves who had gained their freedom.

20. ROMAN FAMILY LIFE
Life for women in Roman times was often hard. Mother was less important than father in the family.
Father had the power of life or death over everyone. When a new baby was born it would be laid at its father's feet - if the father picked the baby up it would live, but if he ignored the baby it would be taken away to die.

21. Women were expected to run the home, cook meals, and raise children
Women were expected to run the home, cook meals, and raise children. If they were wealthy, women were lucky; they had slaves to do the work.
Many girls were married at the age of 14. Marriages were often arranged between families. A man could divorce his wife if she did not give birth to a son. Many women died young (in their 30s), because childbirth could be dangerous, and diseases were common.

22. CHRISTIANITY
The message of Christianity was spread around the Roman Empire by St. Paul who founded Christian churches in Asia Minor and Greece. Eventually, he took his teachings to Rome itself.
Religion was very important to the Romans. Within the Roman Empire, Christianity was banned and Christians were punished for many years. Feeding Christians to the lions was seen as entertainment in Ancient Rome.

23. THE FALL OF ROME
The invading army reached the outskirts of Rome, which had been left totally undefended. In 410 C.E., the Visigoths, led by Alaric, breached the walls of Rome and sacked the capital of the Roman Empire.
The Visigoths looted, burned, and pillaged their way through the city, leaving a wake of destruction wherever they went. The plundering continued for three days. For the first time in nearly a millennium, the city of Rome was in the hands of someone other than the Romans. This was the first time that the city of Rome was sacked, but by no means the last.