1. BREAKUP OF YUGOSLAVIA

2. Former Yugoslavia

3. Creation Yugoslavia was first formed as a kingdom in 1918 and then recreated as a Socialist state in 1945 after the Axis powers were defeated in World War II. The constitution established six constituent republics in the federation: Bosnia-Hercegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia. Serbia also had two autonomous provinces: Kosovo and Vojvodina.

4. Background Info Serbia – mainly Orthodox Christian population Croatia – mainly Catholic population Bosnia – mixed Muslim, Serb, and Croat population

5. Timeline 1945-1980 - Josip Tito ruled as a charismatic leader of Yugoslavia employing his own brand of communism (separate from Stalin’s)

6. Timeline 1980-1991 - Yugoslavia had a rotating Presidency headed by a leader of one of the regions Late 1980s - Slobodan Milosevic came to power pushing for Serbian nationalism

7. Slovene/Catholic 91% Croat/Catholic 3% Serb/E Ortho 2% Croat/Catholic 78% Serb/E Ortho 12% Serb/ E Ortho 63% Montenegrin/ E Ortho 6% Albanian/Muslim 14% Hungarian/Catholic 4% Muslims (43.7%) Croats/Catholic (17.3%) Serbs/E Ortho (31.4 %) 66% Macedonian/E Ortho 23% Albanian/Muslim 2% Serb/E Ortho 4% Turk/Muslim Patterns of Ethnic Settlement Facilitated the Conflict and Break-up Bosnia: 40% of urban couples ethnically mixed

8. Slovenia 1991 - broke away from Yugo. (short war)

9. Croatia 1992 - Croatia broke away from Yugo. (bloody war)

10. Bosnia-Herzegovina 1992 - Bosnia-Herzegovina declared independence from Yugo.

11. Ethnic Cleansing Serbs began a campaign of ethnic cleansing against mainly Bosnian Muslims (concentration camps, mass murder, mass rapes – to eradicate Muslims from parts of Bosnia)

12. Timeline 1995 - Dayton Accords – tenuous peace agreement for Bosnia

13. Serbia and Montenegro Yugoslavia disappeared from the map of Europe, after 83 years of existence, to be replaced by a looser union called simply Serbia and Montenegro, after the two remaining republics.

14. Montenegro Declared independence in 2006

15. Kosovo In 2008 declared itself an independent state. Serbia and a number of other countries do not recognize the secession of Kosovo and consider it a UN-governed entity within its sovereign territory.