1. ATTRIBUTION Prof. Dr. Rana ÖZEN KUTANİS Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis

2. ATTRIBUTION Attributions are judgements about what caused a person’s behavior. (we try to explain why they behave in certain way) It is an analytic thinking process in which cause-effect relationship is revealed. For accurate attribution process, perception process shouldn’t consist an error.

3. Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis Causes Affecting Attribution 1) Internal: characteristics of the person led to the behavior. (She missed the deadline because she is careless and lazy.) 2) External:something about the situation caused the person’s behavior. (she missed the deadline because she couldn’t get the information she need in a timely manner.) ATTRIBUTION PROCESS Observation → Interpretation → Attribution of cause

4. Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis FACTORS AFFECTING ATTRIBUTION Distinctiveness Refers to whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations. (Does the person behave in this way in other situations? No:high-external/ Yes:low-internal) Consensus Refers to respond in the same way when people face a similar situation. (Do other people behave in this way in similar situations? No: low-internal/ Yes: high-external) Consistency Do people respond in the same way in different situations over time? (Does the person have a history of behaving this way at other times? Yes: high-internal/ No: low-external)

5. Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis ATTRIBUTION MODEL Antecedent: Datas,Beliefs, Motivation Attribution: Perceived Causes(Internally / Externally) Consequence: Behavior, Response, Expectation

6. Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis Reasons that individuals base their failure/success on: 1-Ability 2-Effort 3-Task Difficulty 4-Luck

7. Locus of Control Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis Do you believe that you can control the events that have effect on you? Internal LOC: the person who have an internal LOC believes that he/she can control his/her life. External LOC: they believe that their decisions and their life are controlled by environmental factors which they can not influence. Student with external LOC doing poorly in the exam?

8. Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis ERRORS IN ATTRIBUTION 1)Fundemental Attribution Error: Overestimating the personel causes for other’s behavior while underestimating the situational causes.. *To a student who didn’t do his/her homework Teacher:”You’re incapable”. *Failed student’s blaming his/herself for everyone passing the exam and saying, “I’m incapable and silly” →It is wrong to over-value person and person related factors and under-value the other factors.

9. Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis 2)Self Serving Bias: Occurs when people attribute their successes to internal and personal factors but attribute their failure to situational factors beyond their control. *I got a 100/ Teacher gave me a 20. *To say “it would be better if they didn’t exist” when we have problems. *I try the best but the team doesn’t work.

10. Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis THANK YOU...