3. HISTORY ORGANIZATION PROBLEMS CHANGING STANDARDS SHARED FEATURES

4. LESSONS INSTITUTIONS SCHOOL SUBJECTS GROWS UP TO MEET ENVIRONMENTAL NEEDS REFLECTS THE COUNTRY’S HISTORY CONTRIBUTES GREATLY TO THE NATION’S FUTURE 1639: HARVARD (MASS.) 1647: The Older Deluder Satan Act in MASS. BAY COLONY; PURITANS INSISTED ON DIRECT READING DEVELOPED LITERACY 1680: BOSTON BOOKSELLERS BEGAN TO FLOURISH 1683: FIRST SCHOOL (PENN.) 1690S: COLLEGE OF WILLIAM & MARY (VIRG.) 1690S: YALE COLLEGE (CONN.) READING FOR DIRECT ACCESS TO SCRIPTURE (PURITANS) READING, WRITING & ACCOUNTING (PENN.) LANGUAGES, MATH & NATURAL SCIENCES (PHIL.) DEBATING CLUB (B. FRANKLIN; PHIL)

5. FEATURES SYSTEM STAGES OF SCHOOLING EMPHASIS ON EDUCATION OF THE MASSES GOAL: TO MEET THE NEEDS OF PARTICULAR ENVIRONMENT PHILOSOPHY: DEMOCRACY DEPENDS ON FULLY INFORMED CITIZENS WHO, CONSEQUENTLY NEEDS THE BEST EDUCATION EMPHASIS ON EDUCATION OF THE MASSES GOAL: TO MEET THE NEEDS OF PARTICULAR ENVIRONMENT PHILOSOPHY: DEMOCRACY DEPENDS ON FULLY INFORMED CITIZENS WHO, CONSEQUENTLY NEEDS THE BEST EDUCATION NO NATIONAL SYSTEM. EACH STATE HAS ITS OWN EDUCATIONAL POLICIES RELIGION IS NOT INCLUDED IN PUBLIC SCHOOL CURRICULUM 90% AMERICAN CHILDREN ATTEND FREE STATE-SUPPORTED PUBLIC SCHOOLS, THOUGH STUDENTS PAY FOR TEXTBOOKS & EXRACURRILA COMPULSORY EDUCATION: 5-16 YEARS ADMISSION TO SCHOOL IS AUTOMATIC, NO ADMISSION TEST NO NATIONAL SYSTEM. EACH STATE HAS ITS OWN EDUCATIONAL POLICIES RELIGION IS NOT INCLUDED IN PUBLIC SCHOOL CURRICULUM 90% AMERICAN CHILDREN ATTEND FREE STATE-SUPPORTED PUBLIC SCHOOLS, THOUGH STUDENTS PAY FOR TEXTBOOKS & EXRACURRILA COMPULSORY EDUCATION: 5-16 YEARS ADMISSION TO SCHOOL IS AUTOMATIC, NO ADMISSION TEST Level of Schools PRIMARY (Class 1- 6 or 1-8) HIGH SCHOOL (Junior: Class 7-9) (Senior: Class 9-12 or 10-12) UNDER- GRADUATE (2 year college Or 4 year B.A. POST- GRADUATE: (2 years M.A. + 2 years Ph.D.) 4-6 years4 years2 + 2 years6 0r 8 years

6. TO LIVE TO BETO DO TO KNOW FUNDAMENTAL VALUES:  HUMANISM  AMERICAN IDEALS  MORAL & SPIRITUAL VALUES L E A R N I N G TYPESPRIMARYSECONDARYUNIVERSITY CORE CONTENTS MATH, ELA, PENMANSHIP NATURALSCIENCE SOCIAL SCIENCES PHYSICAL EDUCATION COMPUTER CONTINUATION OF PRIMARY SCHOOL SUBJECTS TWO YEARS MATRICULATION ELECTIVES BASIC ARTS ARTS, MUSIC, COOKING SHOPPING, DRIVING, COLLEGE PREP. SUBJECTS HUMANITY EXTRACUR- RICULAR ─ SCHOOL PUBLICATION STUDENT COUNCIL SPORTS PUBLIC SPEAKING SIMILAR TO SECONDARY SCHOOL + OTHERS

9. MORAL & SPIRITUAL VALUES (OPERATIONAL STATEMENT): 1. HUMAN PERSONALITY 2. MORAL RESPONSIBILITY 3. INSTITUTIONS AS THE SERVANTS OF MAN 4. COMMON CONSENT 5. DEVOTION TO TRUTH 6. RESPECT FOR EXCELLENT 7. MORAL EQUALITY 8. BROTHERHOOD 9. THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS 10. SPIRITUAL ENRICHMENT

10. EMPHASIS ON EDUCATION OF THE MASSES FACILITATES EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR ALL, BUT THREATS TO GIVE THE SAME EDUCATION FOR ALL SOLUTION: 1)DIFFERENTIATED CURRICULA 2)INDIVIDUAL LEARNING EMPHASIS ON EDUCATION OF THE MASSES FACILITATES EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR ALL, BUT THREATS TO GIVE THE SAME EDUCATION FOR ALL SOLUTION: 1)DIFFERENTIATED CURRICULA 2)INDIVIDUAL LEARNING MASTERING FACTS VS. DEVELOPING MIND? SOLUTION: QUESTIONING THE SYSTEM BY RECONSIDERING THE TRUE GOAL OF EDUCATION. MASTERING FACTS VS. DEVELOPING MIND? SOLUTION: QUESTIONING THE SYSTEM BY RECONSIDERING THE TRUE GOAL OF EDUCATION. STOP THE CURRICULUM ‘DUMBING DOWN’ LENGTHENING THE LEARNING TIME INCREASING TEACHERS’ INCOME INCREASING LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY UNIFORMITY RELEVANCE OF SUBJ. MATTER REACHING THE STANDARDS

11. ACTIVE PARTICIPATION EGALITARIAN STUDENT-TEACHER RELATIONSHIP INDEPENDENT LEARNING THE HONOR SYSTEM PROFESSORS TEND TO TREAT STUDENTS AS EQUALS, BUT THEY ARE STILL IN THE POSITION OF AUTHORITY; PROFESSORS MAY HAVE CLOSE SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP OUTSIDE OF THE CLASS BUT EVALUATE TESTS OBJECTIVELY. STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED TO FINISH RESEARCH WITH MINIMUM GUIDE. RESPONSIBILITY FOR LEARNING LIES WITH STUDENTS; STUDENTS SHOULD BE HONEST IN ALL SCHOOL’S WORK. PLAGIARISM AND CHEATING CAN CAUSE STUDENTS EXPELLED COMPETITION THE GRADES OF SOME COURSES GRADES ARE CALCUATED IN RELATION TO OTHER STUDENTS’ SCORE. THUS, STUDENT SHOULD COMPETE. NOT ONLY ACCEPTABLE BUT ALSO EXPECTED PROFESSORS MAJORLY FACILLITATE LEARNING