1. Physiology of Respiratory System

2. Respiration Pulmonary ventilation External respiration
Breathing- air movement in and out of body
External respiration
Oxygen loading and Carbon dioxide loading
Respiratory gas transport
Gases transported via bloodstream
Internal respiration
Exchange between capillaries and tissue cells

3. Breathing Inspiration Expiration
Diaphragm flattens creates a vacuum pulling air into the lungs
Expiration
Muscles relax and push air out of the lungs

4. Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
Tidal Volume (TV)- volume of air moved into and out of the lungs each breath
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)- amount of air you can forcibly be taken in
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)- amount of air that can be forcibly expelled

5. Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
Residual Volume- air that cannot be expelled from the lungs
Vital capacity (VC)- total amount of exchangeable air TV + IRV + ERV
Dead Space volume- the amount of air that doesn’t make it to the lungs in a breath

6. External Respiration Gas exchange at the lungs
Oxygen into blood and CO2 removed from blood

7. Gas Transport in the Blood
Oxygen forms oxyhemoglobin with hemoglobin molecules
CO2 in transported via
bicarbonate in plasma

8. Internal Respiration Exchange of gases between blood and tissue cells
Oxygen unloaded and CO2 loaded

9. Hypoxia Inadequate supply of oxygen to the body tissues
Causes skin to become cyanotic

10. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
CO binds to the binding site that oxygen binds to on hemoglobin preventing gas transport of oxygen

11. Respiratory Terms Eupnea- normal respiratory rate
Hyperpnea- increased respiratory rate (exercising)
Apnea- stopped breathing
Dyspnea- difficult breathing

12. Hyperventilation
Body’s reaction to increased levels of carbon dioxide or acids in blood

13. Smoker’s Lungs Versus Healthy Lungs