1. Ancient Egypt In Ancient Egypt, the Egyptians had Pharaohs that were considered gods and they focused on the after life. They built pyramids that symbolized the importance of Pharaohs and the afterlife. If the Egyptians gave the Pharaoh a good afterlife, they would have a good afterlife as well. The Egyptians settled by the Nile River. The Nile River was a very important trade route.

3. History IDs Delta- A triangle shaped area of land made from soil deposited by a river. Pharaoh- Rulers of Egypt; living gods Nobles- People from rich and powerful families Afterlife- Life after death (ka was the life force that left the body and became a spirit) Mummies- Specially treated dead bodies wrapped in cloth Pyramids- Huge stone tombs with 4 triangle shaped sides that meet in a point on top Dynasty- A series of rulers from the same family. Embalm- Treating the body after its death to protect if from decay New Kingdom- The period during which Egypt reached the height of its power and glory (1550-1050 BC) Hieroglyphics- The Egyptian writing system. It had over 600 symbols Papyrus- A long-lasting paper like material made from reeds. Obelisk- A tall, 4 sided pillar that is pointed on top.

4. GEOGRAPHY I. Settled by the Nile River a.The Nile would flood and provided silt b.Fertile soil and irrigation for farming c.Stable food supply (surplus) d.Provided for a division of labor II.Natural Borders (protection from invaders/enemies) a.Deserts – Western and Eastern b.Rapids on the Nile River – difficult to cross c.Water – the Red and Mediterranean Seas

7. ECONOMICS I.Nile River was an important trade route a.Traded with Nubia for gold, copper, ivory, slaves, stone b.Traded with Syria for wood II.Taxes a.Scribes did not pay taxes and became wealthy b.Farmers had to give crops to the Pharaoh as taxes c.Taxes were used to build pyramids III.Military conquests made Egypt rich a.Assyrian, Babylonian and Hittite kings sent gifts to maintain good relations with Egypt IV.Growth of Trade a.Sinai Peninsula had turquoise and copper b.Queen Hatshepsut traded with Punt, Greece and Asia Minor

8. POLITICS I.King Menes A.First Pharaoh of Egypt B.Unified Upper and Lower Egypt in 3100 B.C. so Egypt could be a larger, more powerful country! II.Old Kingdom A.2700-2200 B.C. III.Middle Kingdom A.2050-1750 B.C. B. Stable government IV.New Kingdom A.11550-1050 B.C. B.Height of Egypt’s power and glory C. Queen Hatshepsut 1. She expanded trade routes 2. She used money to support arts and architecture 3. By expanding trade routes, she increased Egypt’s wealth and power D. Ramses the Great (Ramses II) 1. He fought the Hittites, strengthened the western borders and defeated Tehenu

9. 2. He increased Egypt’s size and built monuments 3. He was the last great Pharaoh of Egypt 4. By building monuments, he helped Egypt’s culture live on V.Kush A. 700’s B.C. B. Conquered Egypt and established a new dynasty VI.Assyrians A. Took over in 670’s B.C.

11. RELIGION (right-hand page) I.Polytheistic – believing in many gods/goddesses A. Temples and shrines for worship B. Pharaoh considered a living god! C. Focused on afterlife D. “Ka” – a person’s life force E. Preserved bodies a mummies F. Rules to make the Pharaoh’s spirit happy so you could have your own happy afterlife

13. Society and Culture (right-hand page) I.Social Hierarchy A. Pharaoh 1. He had absolute power over Egypt 2. He was both a king and a god 3. He was blamed if crops did not grow or disease struck B. Upper Class 1. Priests, government officials, nobles C. Middle Class 1. Scribes 2. Craftspeople – sculptors, builders, carpenters, jewelers, leatherworkers, metalworkers, architects, artists 3. Merchants, traders, soldiers D. Lower Class 1. Farmers, servants, slaves 2. Over 80% of the population was lower class

14. Picture of Social Structure – left hand page

15. Science and Technology (Right hand page) I.Pyramids A. Khufu’s was the largest B. Pyramids had very skilled engineering C. They symbolized the importance of the pharaoh and the afterlife II.Hieroglyphics A. One of the world’s first writing systems B. 600 symbols C. Rosetta Stone helped scholars decipher D. Many texts written in hieroglyphics still exist III.Temples A. Religious, gods, afterlife B. From Karnak – Ramses the Great IV.Art A. Filled the tombs of the pharaoh so he could enjoy it in the afterlife B. In temples it was all religious C. Paintings, carvings, jewelry

16. Ancient Egypt Achievements – left hand page Pyramids Temples Hieroglyphics Art