1. BELLRINGERS 1.Define: living, dead, nonliving. 2. Give examples of living, nonliving and dead objects. 3. Describe how you would know if an object is living or nonliving? 4. Define: multicellular, unicellular, autotroph, heterotroph 5. Define: prokaryotic cell, eukaryotic cell 6. Define: taxonomy, classification, kingdom, organism

2. BELLRINGER: Define the following: kingdom, organism, multi-cellular, unicellular. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 6 KINDGOMS

3. KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA * Food- Some cannot make their own food; others do. * No Nucleus (prokaryotic) * Some can move and other cannot Three main types – salt loving, heat loving, and methane makers Reproduction – binary fission * Unicellular organisms

4. EXAMPLES This hot, sulfur-rich, acidic pool in Yellowstone National Park is home to species of Archea, including Sulfolobus. Some archaens live 1000’s of miles deep in the ocean near superheated volcanic vents.

5. KINGDOM EUBACTERIA *Food – Some can make their own food: other cannot. * Unicellular organisms. * No Nucleus (prokaryotic) * Some move and other do not. Reproduction – binary fission Roles: decomposers, food makers, help digest food, clean oil spills, etc.

6. Examples of Eubacteria E. Coli Strep Binary Fission Bacteria help digest food Anthrax Blue green algae

7. Kingdom Protists * Food – Some make their own food (plantlike); others cannot (animal-like). * Unicellular and Multi-cellular * They have a nucleus (eukaryotic) * Some can move on their own. Reproduction – Binary fission Examples – Euglena, paramecium, amoeba, slime mold, volvox, algae,diatoms, giant kelp

8. Examples of Protists Algae Amoeba Paramecium Volvox Euglena Fission Red algae Stentor

9. Kingdom Fungi * Food – do not make their own food. Decomposers * Unicellular and multicellular. * Have a nucleus (eukaryotic ) * Cannot move Reproduction – Sexual and Asexual Examples – yeast, mushrooms, mold, mildew, athletes foot, ringworm

10. Examples of Fungi Athletes Foot Foot Fungus mushroom Bread mold ringworm yeast Bread mold magnified

11. Plant Kingdom * Food – make their own food by photosynthesis. *Multi-cellular * They have a nucleus (eukaryotic) * Cannot move on their own. Reproduction – Sexually and asexually by fragmentation. Examples – rose, cactus, grass, daisy, ferns, trees

12. Examples of Plant Kingdom

13. Animal Kingdom * Food – Cannot make their own food. * Multi-cellular organisms * They have a nucleus (eukaryotic) * Can move on their own. Reproduction – Asexual and sexual Examples – Humans, crustaceans, spiders, insects, fish, birds, mammals, sponges, hydras, coral, worms, etc.

14. Examples of Animals Sea anemone hydra Sea horse Poison Dart frog Great White Shark butterfly human

15. Let’s Practice Which kingdom does each organism belong? Eubacteria Protists protists Animal Fungus plant Animal Eubacteria Archaebacteria animal

16. Bellringer: Define: classification, taxonomy List 3 ways humans use classification every day. Classification of living things

17. THE SCIENCE OF CLASSIFICATION Classification - Taxonomy - Grouping objects according to their similar characteristics. The science of classifying living things. Humans naturally like to put objects into groups in order to make sense out of the world around us. For example, at home you organize your socks from your pants, your forks from your cups.

18. WHY CLASSIFY?  To know how many known species there are the the world  To know the characteristics of each species  To know the relationships between species

19. SCIENTISTS BEHIND TAXONOMY Aristotle was the first person to come up with a classification system for living things. He divided animals into three groups: those that walked, those that swam and those that flew. Why was this not the best classification system for animals?

20. NOT SO FAST ARISTOTLE!!! In the 1700’s, Carolus Linnaeus disagreed with Aristotle’s classification system. He invented the modern classification system we use today. It is called BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE. Today, scientists group organisms not only by their physical characteristics BUT by their evolutionary relationships (ancient ancestors).

21. LINNAEUS’ SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION Binomial Nomenclature – A naming system that gives every living thing a TWO word name. This unique two word name is called the SCIENTIFIC NAME. Uses LATIN the language of scientists. The first word is the GENUS and is always CAPITALIZED. The second word is the SPECIES and is always LOWER CASE. Scientific names are always written in italics if typed or underlined if handwritten

22. 7 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. **A scientific name is the genus and species. Katie Put Cream On Fresh Green Strawberries Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

23. WHY TWO NAMES FOR EVERYTHING?  Because people speak in more than one language  Because people give objects more than one name. for example: What is the name of this cat? Mountain lion cougar puma American Lion All are correct but its ONE scientific name is Felis concolor

24. LET’S PRACTICE Which scientific names are written correctly? HOMO SAPIEN Felis domesticus Tyrannosaurus rex panthera leo elephas Maximus Canis Lupus

25. LOOKING FOR RELATIONSHIPS Remember that one of the goals of classification is to find out how certain living things may be related to one another. What makes a living thing part of the Animal Kingdom? Eukaryotic Multicellular Locomotion Cannot make its own food ARE ALL OF THESE ANIMALS?

26. 7 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. **A scientific name is the genus and species. Katie Put Cream On Fresh Green Strawberries Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

27. KINDOM ANIMAL PHYLUM CHORDATA CLASS MAMMALIA ORDER CARNIVORA FAMILY FELIDAE GENUS Panthera SPECIES leo

28. Phylogeny – the evolutionary history of an organism PHYLOGENY OF MAN Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata (having a spinal cord) Class - Mammalia (have hair, give milk) Order - Primates (walk mostly on 2 legs) Family - Homindae (advanced brain that can think and reason) Genus - Homo Species - sapien

29. PHYLOGENY OF THE WOLF Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Carnivora Family - Canidae Genus - Canis Species - lupus