1. Will and Skill: Aligning Educational Initiatives with the Texas and Houston Labor Market Labor Market & Career Information (LMCI) Texas Workforce Commission richard.froeschle@twc.state.tx.us (512) 936-3105

2. 1. Are employers a primary customer of the education system? If yes, are educators listening? 2. Do students expect their credentials to improve their job possibilities? If yes, are they getting guidance? 3. Do jobseekers need continuous skill upgrades for an evolving workplace? Are we identifying skill needs? 4. Is college ready and career ready really the same thing? If not, what are we doing to align education with labor market demand and employer skill needs and hiring requirements? Talent Development Premises: To What Degree Should Education Serve the Labor Market?

3. Harry Truman is purported to have said, All my economists say, “on the one, or on the other hand” …what I really need is a one- handed economist Growth Recession

4. The global labor market is very messy

6. Themes of the day The Texas and most regional economies are stronger than the U.S., but Texas is subject to the same global macroeconomic forces as other parts of the U.S. Globalization is influencing job creation; type and number Demographic shifts are changing the face of the Texas labor market – where we live, what we look like Nobody lives in Texas: every region is a different economy Recent Texas job growth has been largely fueled by: Population growth, the Oil & gas cluster and Professional Technical Services Occupational demand is more bifurcated. Skill sets over job titles The current alignment between labor market demand and education outputs is less than perfect In the end, getting a job is all about balancing Will and Skill

7. The Macroeconomy: Headwinds & Tailwinds Slow but consistent economic and job growth The Wealth Effect is driving consumer confidence Pent up demand: Delayed TX household formation Pent up finances: A) Cheap money, B) Excess bank reserves, corporate cash, consumers hoard cash Structural employment changes slow worker uptake Rising healthcare costs, federal fiscal uncertainties, low confidence in our federal politicians Slow global demand; slow U.S. and Chinese GDP growth, Japanese & European recessions Headwinds Tailwinds

8. Does the Global Economic Slowdown Matter? Percent of 2011 Revenue Outside U.S. YUM Brands 70% Wal-Mart 26% IBM 64% Boeing 41% Intel 84% General Electric 54% Bank of America 20% Ford 51% Dow Chemical 67% Microsoft 46% Apple Inc. 61% JNJ 56% Caterpillar 64% Dell 48% ExxonMobil 45% McDonalds 66% Amazon 45% General Motors 46% Nike 50% Hewlett Packard 65%

9. Decoupling: Productivity Influences Job Creation Output Jobs

10. Income Disparity: Stagnant Worker Earnings Compensation Profits

11. Layoffs Down, but Hiring Not Up Layoffs Hires

12. Practices affecting job growth and worker preparation 1. Money economy are labor market are decoupling Who’s making money vs. Who’s creating jobs? 2. Technological obsolescence & Labor substitution Technology replacing both workers or specific skills 3. Emergence of new & blended occupations New “hybrid” jobs that combine work activities from 2 or more traditional occupations into a single “new” job 4. Work Activity Off-loading - Passing off lower value- added work to technicians. See Paralegals, Physicians Assistants, Physical Therapy Assistants 5. Occupational crowding - Higher skilled workers taking lower skilled jobs, thus displacing lower skilled workers altogether from employment

13. Houston MSAAustin MSA

14. Texas MSA August 2013 Urates (actual) MSA 2013 MSA 2013 Midland3.2 Houston-Sugar Land6.1 Odessa3.9 Waco6.1 Amarillo4.7 Texas6.3 Abilene5.0 Sherman-Denison6.4 San Angelo5.1 Laredo6.6 Lubbock5.1 Tyler6.8 Austin-Round Rock5.2 Killeen-Temple7.1 Victoria5.3 Texarkana7.2 College Station-Bryan5.5 United States7.3 Longview5.6 El Paso8.7 Wichita Falls5.8 Beaumont-Pt Arthur9.8 Corpus Christi5.9 Brville-Harlingen10.0 D/FW-Arlington CSA6.0 McAllen-Edinburg10.8 San Antonio6.0

15. Unemployment rates Down due to Declining rates of Labor Market Participation LFPR E/P

17. Texas Industry Growth August 2012-13 YOY (SA) NAICS IndustryAug 2013 Aug 2012ABS CHGPER CHG Total Nonagricultural11,188,70010,914,000274,7002.5% Goods-Producing1,769,6001,728,00041,6002.4% Service-Providing9,419,1009,186,000233,1002.5% Prof./Business Services1,476,2001,418,00058,2004.1% Trade, Transport, Utilities2,230,5002,179,20051,3002.4% Leisure and Hospitality1,132,7001,089,70043,0003.9% Educ./Health Services1,501,3001,461,60039,7002.7% Construction611,300587,10024,2004.1% Mining and Logging288,900273,90015,0005.5% Government1,810,7001,796,00014,7000.8% Financial Activities677,200662,80014,4002.2% Information202,500196,2006,3003.2% Other Services388,000382,5005,5001.4% Manufacturing869,400867,0002,4000.3%

18. Texas Industry Employment Change 2011-13 IndustryQTR1/2013Abs CHGAWW Food Services and Drinking Places882,95680,415$315 Administrative and Support Services674,85260,230$749 Professional and Technical Services645,61459,492$1,527 Support Activities for Mining170,62244,558$1,811 Ambulatory Health Care Services633,12734,872$857 Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods313,99229,514$1,464 Specialty Trade Contractors335,81824,179$882 Social Assistance190,80620,987$444 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing135,18318,335$1,064 Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction158,44917,411$1,151 Truck Transportation128,26717,293$969 Credit Intermediation & Related Activity257,09616,410$1,419 Oil and Gas Extraction100,76716,385$4,058 Machinery Manufacturing105,99914,812$1,629 Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers157,53114,578$902

19. Professional, Scientific & Technical Services in Texas 2011-2013 NAICSIndustry20112013ABS CHG 541Professional and Technical Services586,122645,61459,492 5415Computer Systems Design Services106,273130,11223,839 5416Management & Technical Consulting86,590100,72814,138 5413Architectural & Engineering Services137,010149,96212,952 5412Accounting & Bookkeeping Services76,22180,1963,975 5411Legal Services77,80480,7772,973 5419Misc. Prof. & Technical Services47,35649,3511,995 5414Specialized Design Services7,1088,059951 5418Advertising/Public Relations Services23,82723,92598 5417Scientific Research and Development23,93222,504-1,428

20. Estimated Occupational Staffing Pattern for Professional & Technical Services Occupation%Education Preferred Accountants and Auditors5.1Bachelor's degree Office Clerks, General5.0HS diploma/GED Lawyers3.8Professional degree Admin. Assistants, ex. Legal, Medical3.5HS diploma/GED Software Developers, Applications3.1Bachelor's degree Bookkeeping & Accounting Clerks3.0HS diploma/GED Software Developers, Systems Software2.9Bachelor's degree Computer Systems Analysts2.7Bachelor's degree General & Operations Managers2.6Associate's degree Computer Support Specialists2.6Some college, no degree Paralegals and Legal Assistants2.4Associate's degree Civil Engineers2.1Bachelor's degree Customer Service Representatives2.0HS diploma/GED Management Analysts2.0Bachelor's degree

21. Disruptive TechnologyWhat it is, why do I care? Advanced Oil & Gas Exploration Hydraulic fracking, creates $4 trillion in new oil & gas Renewable Energy Wind & solar, new energy sources & declining prices Advanced Materials Nano particles 3-D Printing Make plastic products with ink-jet printing techniques Energy Storage Batteries & capacitors Next Generation Genomics DNA sequencing, gene mapping Autonomous Cars Robot cars, sensors in roads Cloud Technology Server farms serving 2.7 billion Internet users Internet of Things Web linking devices, HIT Automation of Knowledge Work Work activity displacement, all occupations Mobile Internet Smart phone interconnections, 24/7 workers Source: McKinsey Global Institute

22. What is IT? Is this IT?

23. What is the IT labor market? Can it be defined as an industry? Can it be defined by occupation? Can it be defined by college major? Is IT a ubiquitous operation or a cross- domain function? Should it be defined by skill set?

24. The Argument for Skills over Occupational Titles: Job Titles That Didn’t Exist Just 5 Years Ago Job Title 1. Videogame Tester11. Cyber Security Specialist 2. Market Researcher Data Miner12. Product Blogger 3. Bioinformatics Specialist13. Social Media Manager 4. Healthcare Applications Analyst14. Cyborg Anthropologist 5. Big Data Integration Engineer15. Usability Engineer 6. Chief Listening Officer16. Chief Sustainability Officer 7. Cloud Computing Operations Manager17. User Experience Designer 8. E-commerce specialist18. Mobile App Developer 9. Search Engine Optimization Manager19. Online Reputation Manager 10. Behavioral Analytics Specialist20. Programmer IV Source: O*NET & Monster.com

25. It’s all about Skills! L earn about the TWC approach to creating a common skill language to define work and associated learning expectations in Texas How do DWA’s work? www.skillspass.com

26. Where the Job Postings Are Now Metro AreaPostingsMetro AreaPostings Dallas-Ft. Worth230,218Bryan-College Station7,361 Houston-Galveston185,688Tyler6,902 Austin-Round Rock77,353Beaumont-Pt. Arthur6,861 San Antonio58,594Odessa6,254 El Paso14,957Midland5,794 Corpus Christi14,205Brownsville-Harlingen4,744 McAllen-Edinburg9,605Abilene4,593 Lubbock9,273Longview-Kilgore4,548 Killeen-Temple8,444Laredo4,207 Waco8,059San Angelo3,329 Amarillo7,480Wichita Falls3,127 Source: Wanted Analytics for 90 day period from July 29, 2013NOTE: 74% of all job postings in Big 4 metro areas

27. Help Wanted Job Listings for Texas Job Type Postings Preferred training/education 1. Registered Nurse 32,871 Associate’s degree 2. Truck Driver (heavy trailer)  25,853 Short On The Job training 3. Retail Salesperson  23,070 Short On The Job training 4. Supervisor, Retail Workers  17,078 Related Work Experience 5. Customer Service Rep  16,869 Moderate On Job Training 6. Supervisor, Food Prep Workers  15,885 Related Work Experience 7. Supervisor, Office Workers  11,823 Related Work Experience 8. Computer Systems Analyst 11,644 Bachelor’s degree 9. Maintenance/Repair Worker  11,353 Moderate On Job Training 10. Network Administrator 11,347 Bachelor’s degree 11. Computer Support Specialist 11,085 Associate’s degree 12. Web Developer 11,892 Associate’s degree 13. Accountant  10,444 Bachelor’s degree 14. Non-tech Sales Rep (WH & Man) 10,168 Related Work Experience Source: Wanted Analytics for 90 day period from Sept. 20 2013

28. Help Wanted Job Listings for Texas (continued) Job TypePostings Preferred training/education 15. Software Application Developer  9,866 Bachelor’s degree 16. Executive Admin Assistant 7,799 Related Work Experience 17. Marketing Manager  7,716 Bachelor’s degree 18. Medical/Health Services Mgr. 7,579 Bachelor’s degree 19. Industrial Engineer 7,522 Bachelor’s degree 20. Management Analyst  7,184 Bachelor’s degree 21. Supervisor, Production Workers  6,688 Related Work Experience 22. Bookkeeper / Audit Clerk 6,495 Moderate On Job Training 23. Sales Manager 6,435 Related Work Experience 24. Insurance Sales Agent 6,255 Post Secondary Vocational 25. IT Project Manager  6,098 Associate’s degree 26. Supervisor, Mechanic/Repairers  6,059 Related Work Experience 27. Financial Branch Manager  5,836 Bachelor’s degree 28. Sales Rep (Services) 5,564 Related Work Experience Source: Wanted Analytics for 90 day period from Sept. 20, 2013

29. Help Wanted Job Postings Houston MSA September 2013 Job Type 2013 20122012 wage 1. Registered Nurses7,2396,470$73,862 2. Retail Salespersons5,5654,176$24,762 3. Supervisors, Retail Sales Workers4,0714,339$41,627 4. Accountants3,7393,614$77,573 5. Truck Drivers (Heavy)3,7273,153$47,488 6. Computer Systems Analysts3,7133,481$96,075 7. Supervisors, Food Prep Workers3,5832,097$31,721 8. Customer Service Representatives3,4382,781$29,887 9. Industrial Engineers3,4373,868$114,379 10. Supervisors, Office & Admin Support2,9902,690$55,561 11. Non-tech Sales Reps, WH & Man2,5902,496$68,676 12. Maintenance & Repair Workers2,5642,183$35,597 13. Computer User Support Specialists2,4492,547$56,855 14. Management Analysts2,4322,385$96,240 15. Network Systems Administrators2,3452,186$89,166

30. Help Wanted Job Listings for Austin MSA (last 90 days) OccupationApr ‘13Apr ‘12Usual Education 1. Software Developers, Applications3,0132,087 Bachelor’s 2. Registered Nurses2,8731,761 Assoc/Bachelors 3. Web Developers2,0181,955 Assoc/Bachelors 4. Network Systems Administrators1,7891,814 Bachelor’s 5. Retail Salespersons1,6671,262 Short OJT 6. Customer Service Representatives1,6171,422 Moderate OJT 7. Computer Systems Analysts1,4451,238 Bachelor’s 8. Computer User Support Specialists1,4241,232 Associate’s 9. Supervisors, Retail Sales1,370985 Work experience 10. Supervisors, Food Prep1,1681,126 Work experience 11. Marketing Managers1,1481,105 Bachelor’s plus WE 12. Supervisors, Admin/Office Support1,119906 Work experience 13. Truck Drivers, Heavy1,054831 Short OJT w/CDL 14. IT Project Managers993808 Associate’s 15. Software QA Engineers/Testers963743 Bachelor’s

31. Projected Fastest Growing Occupations in Texas 2010-20 Occupational Title Per CHG 2010-20 Annual Openings Formal Education Required Diagnostic Medical Sonographers52.0%240Associate's Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas51.0%515HS or GED Home Health Aides50.4%5,220Less than HS Personal Care Aides49.4%7,675Less than HS Service Unit Operators, Oil & Gas48.1%1,235HS or GED Special Education Teachers, MS45.1%460Bachelor's degree Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas44.4%470HS or GED Roustabouts, Oil and Gas43.7%1,155Less than HS Medical Secretaries43.2%3,380HS or GED Helpers--Extraction Workers42.6%455HS or GED Medical Scientists42.3%240PhD/prof. degree Interpreters and Translators42.2%360Bachelor's degree Middle School Teachers, Ex. CTE41.1%5,075Bachelor's degree Elementary School Teachers40.8%10,430Bachelor's degree Market Research Analysts40.5%1,200Bachelor's degree Cardiovascular Technicians40.5%180Associate's Industrial Machinery Mechanics40.2%1,840HS or GED Physical Therapist Assistants40.0%255Associate's

32. Fastest Growing Occupations in Gulf Coast LWDA 2010-20 Occupational TitlePCT CHGAAOEducation Elementary & Middle School Teachers52.0%2,930Bachelor's Home Health Aides50.9%990High school Personal Care Aides49.9%1,475High school Medical Secretaries45.2%845High school Teacher Assistants42.7%1,385High school Respiratory Therapists42.4%160Associate's Industrial Machinery Mechanics41.5%710High school Market Research Analysts/Specialists41.3%320Bachelor's Radiologic Technologists and Technicians41.0%215Associate's Education Administrators, K-1240.2%400Master's Petroleum Engineers39.5%540Bachelor's HS Teachers, exc. Special Ed & CTE39.3%1,770Bachelor's Cooks, Restaurant39.0%1,120High school Registered Nurses38.2%2,470BSN/AAS Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas37.8%155High school

33. Texas Most Annual Average Job Openings 2010-20 33 Annual Average Wage 2011 $24,165 $19,155 $19,069 $18,188 $51,847 $28,671 $30,387 $67,581 $19,052 $24,316

35. Regional Occupational Projections at www.tracer2.com at “The Future” www.tracer2.com

36. Returns to Education & Educational Requirements

37. Labor Market Reality

38. More education, better labor market outcomes

39. Reality is Relative 2011 Charles Schwab Teens & Money Survey Poll of Americans ages 13-18 Source: Charles Schwab and Boys & Girls Club of America survey conducted with Harris Interactive U.S. teenagers were asked: 1.What is your average expected starting salary? 2.What will be your salary once established in a career?

40. Reality is Relative 2011 Charles Schwab Teens & Money Survey Poll of Americans ages 13-18 Source: Charles Schwab and Boys & Girls Club of America survey conducted with Harris Interactive For real fun, check out: http://www.lmci.state.tx.us/realitycheck/http://www.lmci.state.tx.us/realitycheck/ Starting your career: Average answer: $73,000 a year Boys answered: $79,700 a year Girls answered: $66,200 a year

41. Reality is Relative 2011 Charles Schwab Teens & Money Survey Poll of Americans ages 13-18 Source: Charles Schwab and Boys & Girls Club of America survey conducted with Harris Interactive For real fun, check out: http://www.lmci.state.tx.us/realitycheck/http://www.lmci.state.tx.us/realitycheck/ Established in your career: Average answer: $150,000 a year Boys answered: $162,300 a year Girls answered: $126,500 a year

42. Welcome to Reality Check 2011! http://www.texasrealitycheck.com

43. Texas Reality Check for iPhone…. for free! Now at the Apple App Store

44. Occupational Wage Data – www.texaswages.com

45. Career Interests of Texas students 2012 1. Sports Athlete (#4) 14. Architect (#11) 2. Doctor (#6) 15. Police Officer (#7) 3. Multi-Media Artist (new) 16. Psychologist (#15) 4. Truck Driver (new) 17. Welder (new) 5. Forensic Science Tech (#10) 18. Pediatrician (#18) 6. Veterinarian (#5) 19. Artist (#30) 7. Lawyer (#2) 20. Physical Therapist (#16) 8. Registered Nurse (#3) 21. Hairdresser/Cosmetologist (#12) 9. Actor (#9) 22. CEO (#35) 10. Musician/Singer (#14) 23. Fashion Designer (#24) 11. Graphic Designer (new) 24. Zoologist (#19) 12. Teacher (K-12) (#1) 25. Computer Programmer (#20) 13. Auto Mechanic (#13) *From 8,739 Texas students contacting LMCI Hotline in 2012 *(Number) represents position of career in 2007

46. Highest Earning College Programs 2012 Detail View Bachelor’s Degree Graduate Major (TX) (50+)GradsEarnings Petroleum Engineering387$93,251 Chemical Engineering483$70,247 Mechanical Engineering1,364$60,597 Registered Nursing/Nursing Administration6,952$58,697 Mechanical Engineering Related Technologies133$57,914 Industrial Production Technologies/Technicians227$57,486 Computer Programming79$55,719 Electrical, Electronics & Telecomm Engineering968$55,703 Computer Engineering242$55,510 Construction Engineering Technologies373$53,832 Computer Science226$52,543 Computer Systems Analysis155$52,411 Computer and Information Sciences, General1,088$51,642 Civil Engineering728$51,587 Sales, Merchandising & Marketing Operations219$50,781

47. Lowest Earning College Programs 2012 Detail View Bachelor’s Degree Graduate Major (TX) (50+)GradsEarnings Pastoral Counseling and Specialized Ministries64$18,404 Bible/Biblical Studies55$19,142 Drama/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft553$19,762 Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions214$20,037 Anthropology514$20,077 Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Services76$20,443 Health/Medical Preparatory Programs130$20,578 Ethnic, Cultural Minority, & Gender Studies63$20,623 International Relations & National Security Studies112$20,642 Foods, Nutrition, and Related Services522$21,060 Film/Video and Photographic Arts174$21,288 Neurobiology and Neurosciences143$21,382 Zoology/Animal Biology92$21,639 Religious Education139$22,062 Radio, Television, and Digital Communication1,008$22,226

48. Math = Money The more accomplished you are at applied mathematics the more money you can make.

49. Highest Earning Associate’s Degree Programs 2012 Associate’s Degree Graduate Major (TX)GradsEarnings Fire Protection183$60,516 Electrical and Power Transmission Installers54$60,442 Mining and Petroleum Technologies/Technicians38$56,862 Physical Science Technologies/Technicians474$53,216 Quality Control & Safety Technicians160$51,324 Registered Nursing and Clinical Nursing5,852$49,708 Construction Engineering Technologies56$48,410 Nuclear & Industrial Radiologic Technicians32$48,139 Geography and Cartography28$47,595 Electromechanical & Instrumentation Maint. Techs560$46,045 Industrial Production Technologies/Technicians151$44,757 Precision Metal Working185$40,548 Finance and Financial Management Services47$40,471 Real Estate61$40,241 Electrical/Electronics Maint. & Repair Technology67$40,097

50. Structural Mismatch: 2012 GraduatesGradsEarnings Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, Other10,383$34,739 Business Administration, Mgmt. & Operations7,644$45,041 Registered Nursing/Nursing Administration6,952$58,697 Psychology, General5,711$24,451 Biology, General4,696$22,753 Health & Physical Education/Fitness3,891$24,359 Criminal Justice and Corrections3,692$29,205 Accounting and Related Services3,584$37,693 Finance and Financial Management Services2,796$41,699 Marketing2,665$35,039 English Language and Literature, General2,227$25,390 History2,200$27,366 Liberal Arts, Humanities & General Studies2,119$33,278 Communication and Media Studies2,095$28,239 Political Science and Government2,017$27,493

51. Texas Educational Equilibrium 2012 TX 2012 University degree grads by award: 111,893 Bachelor’s 53,209 Graduate degrees 165,102 Total Grads Ann AVG openings for jobs requiring Bachelor’s degree or higher: 100,375 Openings in Teaching/Education: 43,260 Openings requiring Grad degree: 18,735 TX 2012 Associate’s degree graduates: 64,443 Total grads Less 23,838 General Studies 40,605 Technical grads Ann AVG openings for jobs requiring a Associate’s or Postsecondary Award: 46,125 Openings for Registered Nurse: 9,460

53. Earnings for Texas Bachelor’s degree holders By Major & Age

55. Regional employers say they want… 1.Good communications skills: Can you…..  Explain what you’re doing (to co-worker or customer)?  Explain what you need (from a co-worker or customer)?  Ability to listen to instructions? 2. Technical knowledge (degrees needed for half of all job openings) 4.Can you work with people who are of a different age, race, gender and education level than you? 5.Can-do attitude / pleasant attitude (workers who are “engaged” in their work) 6.Critical thinking skills (if given a sequence of events, can you determine what will probably happen next)

56. Will Workplace Skills SkillsDistill

57. Will Workplace Skills Skills Strong academics High School diploma Post secondary schooling Appropriate technical skills Distill

58. “We need workers who have a minimum of two years of college. They do not have to have a degree. Two years of college now is like how we needed workers to have at least a high school diploma in the past. It’s because computers are involved in every job today so technical skills and the ability to learn technical skills is more important. It’s simply because of productivity. To get the productivity a company needs to make a profit, the company needs workers who can learn those technical skills.” Red McCombs, San Antonio businessman

59. Will Workplace Basic Skills Communication skills Getting along with others Critical thinking SkillsDistill

60. Judgments and behaviors that demonstrate work ethic and commitment, leadership and teamwork skills, initiative and integrity, and critical thinking skills that are in high demand by employers. Workplace Basic or foundation Skills

61. Sample: Workplace Basic Skills Profile for Waiters and Waitresses

62. Sample: Workplace Basic Skills Profile for Economist

63. SAMPLE: Workplace Basic Skills Profile for Chemical Engineers

64. “There’s not one specific thing or skill people have to have to work for us. But I can tell you why we fire people: soft skills. We hire for hard skills. We fire for soft skills. The ability to interact and communicate with others or behave ethically and take responsibility for things tends to be where people tend to break down.” Rick Stephens, senior vice president of HR, The Boeing Corporation

65. Will Workplace Skills Skills Distill Stackable Credentials Informal education On the Job Learning The Climbing Wall

66. The Climbing Wall concept of Career Development: Everyone is trying to get to the top, but each finds themselves at a different place, moving at a different pace and with a unique support system

67. Will Willing to take a job: At lower level, lesser wage In a different locale Show flexibility & initiative Workplace Skills SkillsDistill

68. Will Willing to take a job: At lower level, lesser wage In a different locale Show flexibility & initiative Workplace Skills Workplace Basics! Communication skills Getting along with others Critical thinking Skills Strong academics High School diploma Post secondary schooling Appropriate technical skills Distill Stackable Credentials Informal education On the Job Learning Climbing Wall

70. There is much more story to tell, but this version is over Thank you! richard.froeschle@twc.state.tx.us

71. Achieve Texas Cluster Employment (sorted by wages) Cluster NamePCT 2010-20Wage 2011AA Openings STEM19.1%$90,36110,015 Information Technology22.3%$80,94211,405 Business & Management16.3%$56,79652,955 Health Science30.8%$55,85342,305 Government15.8%$53,2545,885 Finance17.7%$53,03612,995 Law & Public Safety21.7%$50,70315,895 Arts, A/V & Communications13.4%$48,1994,955 Education and Training32.9%$47,38743,475 Architecture and Construction18.4%$40,16436,430 Agriculture & Natural Resources8.4%$39,77427,480 Marketing, Sales and Service17.8%$39,23657,355 Manufacturing15.6%$38,65325,855 Transportation & Logistics16.5%$34,72536,270 Human Services25.6%$29,05728,710 Hospitality and Tourism22.9%$21,12787,565