1. the BIG idea CHAPTER OUTLINE NEW CHAPTER The Water Planet CHAPTER Water moves through Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and land in a cycle. Water continually cycles. Fresh water flows and freezes on Earth. Fresh water flows underground. 11.1 11.2 11.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES

2. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME salt water water cycle fresh water Water continually cycles. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE evaporation Water moves through Earth’s environment in a continuous cycle. condensation precipitation 11.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES 1 2 3 Evaporation Water rises as vapor. 1 Condensation Vapor changes into liquid. 2 Precipitation Water falls to the surface. 3

3. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME salt water water cycle fresh water Water continually cycles. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE evaporation Water moves through Earth’s environment in a continuous cycle. condensation precipitation 11.1 CLASSZONE.COM VISUALIZATION See how water moves through Earth’s system in the water cycle. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

4. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Water that is not salty and has little or no taste, color, or smell. Most lakes and rivers are made up of fresh water. fresh water KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Water continually cycles. salt water water cycle fresh water evaporation condensation precipitation 11.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

5. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Water that contains dissolved salts and other minerals. Oceans consist of salt water. salt water KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Water continually cycles. salt water water cycle fresh water evaporation condensation precipitation 11.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

6. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The continuous movement of water on Earth, through its atmosphere, and in the living things on Earth. water cycle KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Water continually cycles. salt water water cycle fresh water evaporation condensation precipitation 11.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

7. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A process by which a substance changes from its liquid state to its gas state by random particle movement. Evaporation usually occurs at the surface of a liquid over a wide range of temperatures. evaporation KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Water continually cycles. salt water water cycle fresh water evaporation condensation precipitation 11.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

8. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The process by which a gas changes into a liquid. condensation KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Water continually cycles. salt water water cycle fresh water evaporation condensation precipitation 11.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

9. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Any type of liquid or solid water that falls to Earth’s surface, such as rain, snow, or hail. precipitation KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Water continually cycles. salt water water cycle fresh water evaporation condensation precipitation 11.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

10. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME drainage basin turnover divide Fresh water flows and freezes on Earth. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE eutrophication iceberg Water on land collects and flows in rivers and lakes. Much of Earth’s fresh water is frozen. Lake River 11.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

11. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A continuous high line of land (or ridge) from which water drains to one side or the other. divide KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Fresh water flows and freezes on Earth. drainage basin turnover divide eutrophication iceberg 11.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

12. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME An area of land in which water drains into a stream system. The borders of a drainage basin are called divides. drainage basin KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Fresh water flows and freezes on Earth. drainage basin turnover divide eutrophication iceberg 11.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

13. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The yearly rising and sinking of cold and warm water layers in a lake. turnover KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Fresh water flows and freezes on Earth. drainage basin turnover divide eutrophication iceberg 11.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

14. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME An increase in nutrients in a lake or pond. Eutrophication can occur naturally or as a result of pollution, and causes increased growth of algae and plants. eutrophication KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Fresh water flows and freezes on Earth. drainage basin turnover divide eutrophication iceberg 11.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

15. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A mass of floating ice that broke away from a glacier. iceberg KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Fresh water flows and freezes on Earth. drainage basin turnover divide eutrophication iceberg 11.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

16. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Fresh water flows underground. groundwater SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE permeable impermeable water table aquifer spring Water collects and moves beneath the land surface. Gravity pulls water down through permeable materials until it reaches an impermeable layer. The impermeable layer prevents water from sinking farther down. Water collects in open spaces in soil, gravel, or rock. artesian well 11.3 CLASSZONE.COM SIMULATION Explore how groundwater fills in aquifers. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

17. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Water that collects and is stored underground. groundwater KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Fresh water flows underground. groundwater permeable impermeable water table aquifer spring artesian well 11.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

18. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Allowing the passage of water. permeable KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Fresh water flows underground. groundwater permeable impermeable water table aquifer spring artesian well 11.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

19. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Resistant to the passage of water. impermeable KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Fresh water flows underground. groundwater permeable impermeable water table aquifer spring artesian well 11.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

20. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The highest part in the ground that is saturated, or completely filled with water. water table KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Fresh water flows underground. groundwater permeable impermeable water table aquifer spring artesian well 11.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

21. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME An underground layer of permeable rock that contains water. aquifer KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Fresh water flows underground. groundwater permeable impermeable water table aquifer spring artesian well 11.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

22. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A flow of water from the ground at a place where the surface of the land dips below the water table. spring KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Fresh water flows underground. groundwater permeable impermeable water table aquifer spring artesian well 11.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

23. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A well in which pressurized water flows upward to the surface. artesian well KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Fresh water flows underground. groundwater permeable impermeable water table aquifer spring artesian well 11.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

24. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME I. Water continually cycles. A. Water is a unique substance. C. Water moves in a worldwide cycle. 1. The Water Cycle 2. The Impact of the Water Cycle KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY 1. Water and Life 2. Fresh Water and Salt Water Water continually cycles. salt water water cycle fresh water evaporation condensation precipitation B. Water covers most of Earth. 11.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

25. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME II. Fresh water flows and freezes on Earth. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY A. Water flows and collects on Earth’s surface. 1. Ice on Land 2. Icebergs 1. Lake Turnover Fresh water flows and freezes on Earth. C. Most fresh water on Earth is frozen. 2. Eutrophication drainage basin turnover divide eutrophication iceberg B. Surface water collects in ponds and lakes. 11.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

26. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME III. Fresh water flows underground. A. Water fills underground spaces. B. Underground water can be brought to the surface. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Fresh water flows underground. 1. Aquifers 2. The Importance of Aquifers 1. Springs and Wells 2. Hot Springs groundwater permeable impermeable water table aquifer spring artesian well 11.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

27. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery Click on the icons to see a larger image or animation. CLASSZONE.COM VISUALIZATION See how water moves through Earth’s system in the water cycle. CLASSZONE.COM SIMULATION Explore how groundwater fills in aquifers.

28. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

29. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

30. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

31. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

32. BACK TO CHAPTER Click on the items below to access resources on Standardized Test Practice Practice state standardized tests Math Tutorial Review math concepts Resource Centers Get more information on select science topics Content Review Review key concepts and vocabulary Audio Readings Hear chapter audio readings CLASSZONE.COM Chapter Resources CHAPTER HOME Animations Link to all the McDougal Littell Science animations Review Game Play a fun interactive review game Image Gallery Click here to review chapter images and animations