1. Earth Science AIS

2.  Definitions

3.   Definition: as one measured quantity increases/decreases, the other measured quantity increases/decreases in response Relationship

4.  Relationship Graphs As one value increases, the other value increases As one value decreases, the other value decreases

5.  Density

6.   A substance always has the same density, no matter how much you have of it  Cut something in half; the density is still the same  Air pressure is higher at lower altitudes because density is greater Density Extras

7.  More Density

8.   How much water vapor is in the air compared to how much water vapor could be present in the air Relative Humidity

9.   The temperature to which the air must be cooled to reach water vapor saturation  No more water vapor can be added  Where relative humidity is 100%  Even though the value is a temperature, it can only be changed by adding or subtracting water vapor Dew Point

10.   Release of water vapor into the air by plants Transpiration

11.   Evaporation and transpiration combined Evapotranspiration

12.   Incoming solar radiation (sunlight) Isolation

13.   Length of daylight  How long the sun shines  Greatest on June 21 and shortest on December 21 “Duration of Isolation”

14.   Height of the sun measured in degrees  Highest in summer and at noon  Lowest in winter and at sunrise/sunset Angle of Isolation

15.   Slope or steepness of change  Think steepness of a hill  Change in some value over a distance Gradient

16.  Gradient Examples Positive Gradient “Uphill” Negative Gradient “Downhill”

17.   How fast something happens/moves  Think “speed”  Change in some value over time Rate

18.   Change from water vapor into liquid water  How clouds, dew, and fog form Condensation

19.   Orbiting around another celestial body  Ex. Earth revolves around the sun Revolution

20.   Spinning on its axis  Ex. Earth rotates one time around in about 24 hours Rotation

21.  Basic Concepts

22.   Most changes are cyclical  Examples: water cycle, rock cycle, convection cycle, etc… Characteristics of Change

23.   Changes are also predictable  Examples: seasons, tides, moon phases, etc… Characteristics of Change Cont’d

24.   Everything in nature moves from high to low (except for warm air) Natural Movement