1. Chapter 4 Police Functions and Units

2. Introduction Order maintenance v. law enforcement
Organizational structure and its effect on linkage blindness
Administrative services
Special units and divisions

3. Goals of Policing Prevent crime and protect life
Uphold and enforce the law
Combat public fear of crime
Promote community safety
Control traffic
Encourage respect for the law
Protect civil rights and liberties

4. Order Maintenance Versus Law Enforcement
Political Era—Order maintenance
Professionalization—Uphold and enforce laws
Fear of crime and actual crime rate differ
Contending with conflicting goals & demands
Enforcement embedded in political and social forces

5. Translating Goals into Mission Statements and Policies
Goals stated in writing
Part of Mission Statement
In form of specific policies
List of values
Policy
Specific statement of guiding principles
Written directive or interim order

6. Organizational Structure and Accountability
Organizational charts
Small departments police generalists
Larger departments greater specialization

7. Hierarchical Structures Centralized Policing
Chains of command
Rigid hierarchy—Quasi-military
Command and administration
Middle management
Line personnel

8. Quasi-Military Model of Policing Key Features
Centralized command structure
Clearly defined hierarchical authority
Rigid adherence to rank
Use of military terminology
Division of labor by function and specialization
Selection and promotion according to merit and competence
Strictly enforced rules

9. Hierarchical Structures Centralized Policing (con’t.)
“Blue Wall of Silence”
Linkage blindness
Vertical differentiation
Tall organizations
Span of control

10. Flat Organizations Decentralized Policing
Elimination of middle ranks
Decentralized command
Horizontal differentiation hampers information sharing
Structure changes
Functional structures
Matrix structures

11. Divisions and Units Divisions Units
Personnel who share policing function
Divisions commanded by high-ranking officer
Units
Smaller groups within divisions
Each deals with specific aspect of divisional tasks

12. Administrative Services
Operational Units
Direct assistance to public
Staffed by sworn police officers
Administrative Units
Personnel
Records
Research and planning
Public information

13. Administrative Services (con’t.)
Internal Affairs
Special Units and Divisions
Covert or undercover operations
Sting operations
Reverse sting operations
Decoy operations
Blending operations

14. Administrative Services (con’t.)
Special Weapons and Tactics (S.W.A.T.)
Responsible for:
Apprehension of barricaded suspects
Resolution of hostage situations
Warrant service
Arrest or incapacitation of dangerous suspects
Security for visiting dignitaries
Origins
Trends and controversies

15. Administrative Services (con’t.)
Juvenile Units
School liaison officers
D.A.R.E.
Canine (K9) Units
Tracking
Searches
Drug identification
Officer backup

16. Reflections On Chapter Four
1. Explain how goals, policies, and procedures differ. How are the decisions of individual police officers guided by policies and procedures? 2. What is the purpose of a mission statement? How do mission statements help to shape the working culture of a police department? 3. What is the basic division of police functions? What is the difference between a police division and a police unit? 4. What is the difference between an operational unit and an administrative unit? Identify and describe the basic functions of two operational units and two administrative units. 5. What are the four basic outcomes of a police complaint? What is the difference between an unfounded complaint and an unsubstantiated complaint? 6. What is the basic function of the S.W.A.T. unit? Do you think that such units should only be reactive?