1. www.theiia.org Adapted from Auditing User-Developed Applications (UDA) End User Computing (EUC) Global Technology Audit Guide GTAG® 14

2. www.theiia.org UDA/EUC Definition UDAs are applications that are developed by end users, usually in a noncontrolled IT environment. Examples –Spreadsheets –User databases –Queries –Scripts –Output from various reporting tools Used in EUC application

3. www.theiia.org UDA/EUC Users Financial analysts creates spreadsheet to analyze budget variances. –Graphs would be nice as well! Reconciliation functions in accounting Computer assisted audit techniques (CAATs) Project management Management reports –Fraud?Fraud?

4. www.theiia.org UDA/EUC Uses What-if? analysis using tools such as –spreadsheet models or –more specialized tools such as risk or financial management packages, or –business intelligence software, E.g., used for monitoring sales and marketing performance of information stored in a data warehouse

5. www.theiia.org Benefits of UDA –Quicker to develop and use –Readily available tools at a lower cost MS Excel ($500) Google sheet (Free) –Configurable and flexible Simple to “power” developer / user –Tailored to user –Allows creativity –Competitive advantage (for the employee as well) –Puts decision maker “nearer” data/information –Relieves workload in IT

6. www.theiia.org Risks of UDA The most significant risk is the integrity of the data and information managed and reported. Management may assume that reports generated from UDA came from an IT- developed and controlled application UDAs typically do not follow a systems development life cycle (SDLC) process.

7. www.theiia.org Risks of UDA Control breakdowns can be traced to –Lack of a structured development process. –Data download issues Inaccurate data (GIGO) –Increasing complexity of UDA over time Multiple “authors” Added analyses / worksheets –Lack of developer experience “Hard” code data [Ctrl `] “What if” not repeatable

8. www.theiia.org Risks of UDA Control breakdowns can be traced to –Lack of version controls across users –Lack of documentation Missing the worksheet that explains what the workbook is for

9. www.theiia.org Risks of UDA Control breakdowns can be traced to –Lack of support Users self-train, develop own techniques –Limited input and output controls –Lack of formal, if any, testing –Hidden data columns, rows, worksheets. Compromise of confidentiality Lack of DRP, backup. Duplication of efforts Lack of SOD: –programming, data, output rest with one person

10. www.theiia.org Review of UDA Has management identified critical UDAs? Highest significance –Risk assessment? –Mitigating controls Review documentation (if any) Access controls –Change management –Backup and recovery –Security –Data integrity.

11. www.theiia.org Best practices Access guidelines Source data –Data input area should not contain formulas –Input should follow source document –Lock formulas Source output –Save separate workbook from each “what if” analysis or periodic report. –Standard format –Control access to output

12. www.theiia.org Best practices Testing guidelines –Fraud detectionFraud detection Logic guidelines Version, backup, and archiving guidelines Documentation guidelines –Document all the prior guidelines and practices –Can someone else do the task based on this?