1. Cellular Respiration Chapter 9

2. Chemical Energy There are many pathways cells can use to release energy from compounds In the presence of oxygen there are many high-energy options Without oxygen there are still options, but fewer

3. All those CALORIES!!! One gram of sugar can be “ burned ” to produce 3811 calories of heat energy One calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celcius Cells don ’ t actually “ burn ” glucose but release the energy slowly through cellular respiration

4. Cellular Respiration 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 6CO 2 + H 2 O + Energy Oxygen + Carbon dioxide + water Glucose + ENERGY!!

5. ATP!!! Adenosine triphosphate When a cell has energy available it stores it by adding a third phosphate group onto ADP to make ATP Breaking the bond of the third phosphate group on ATP releases energy

6. ENERGY!!

7. Step 1: Glycolysis Happens with or without oxygen 2 ATP required to run Glycolysis 4 ATP come out of the reaction Glucose is broken in half into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and a 3- carbon compound

8. Glycolysis Glucose Pyruvic Acid 3 Carbon Compound

9. ATP Balance ATP! Glycolysis ATP! ATP production is small, but so fast that it can produce thousands of molecules of ATP in a few milliseconds

10. NADH As Glycolysis runs, it passes extra electrons to NAD+ which produces NADH When the cell has turned all of the NAD+ molecules into NADH there are no more electron receptors and Glycolysis can no longer continue

11. Aer sweet AER! Aerobic energetic reactions take place in the mitochondria to produce LOADS of ATP

12. Mr. Kreb and the Oranges First compound formed in Krebs Cycle is citric acid Begins when pyruvic acid enters the mitochondrion Kreb ’ s Cycle produces all of the CO 2 you will ever exhale from your body

13. Krebs Cycle Pyruvate goes in 4 NADH, 1 FADH 2, 1 ATP, and 2 CO 2 come out

14. Electron Transport The Electron Transport chain received high energy molecules (charged with high energy electrons) from Mr. Kreb Molecules are passed from receptor to receptor, stepping down the energy level and releasing electrons to carriers inside the mitochondrion.

15. E- Transport At the end of the chain there is an enzyme that combines low energy electrons with hydrogen ions and oxygen to form water. H+ ions are built up in the inner membrane through the transport process making it positively charged

16. E- Transport H+ ions can be allowed to pass through protein channels in the cellular membrane turning the ATP synthases. The movement of the H+ ions provides the energy to attach the third phosphate onto the ADP molecule and form ATP

17. Transport Those e- !!

18. ATP Synthase- Cell Turbine http://fig.cox. miami.edu/~c mallery/150/m akeatp/makea tp.htm

19. F1 motor of ATP synthase uses the power of rotational motion to build ATP. Left conformation is the one connected with ADP binding. Right conformation is connected with ATP release. (computed @ rasmol)

20. http://upload.wikim edia.org/wikipedia/ commons/thumb/c /c9/Atp_synthase_ pt.png/450px- Atp_synthase_pt.p ng

21. Creatine Phosphate