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Proteins By Emily Hodgson and Joshua Bower
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Primary structure The amino acid sequence
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Secondary structure Alpha helix Beta sheet
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Tertiary structure Folding of the protein
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Quaternary structure Multiple polypeptides e.g. collagen
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ALBUMIN Properties Functions Hypoalbuminaemia Hyperalbuminaemia Normal values = 3.5 - 5.0 g/dL 50% of protein content Negatively charged Produced in the liver only Oncotic pressure Transport - hormones, bilirubin, free fatty acids, exogenous drugs, metals, ions pH buffer Negative acute phase protein Competitively binds Ca ions Liver disease (cirrhosis) Nephrotic syndrome Excess loss in bowel (protein-losing enteropathy, e.g., Ménétrier's disease) Burns (plasma loss in the absence of skin barrier) Redistribution (hemodilution [as in pregnancy], increased vascular permeability or decreased lymphatic clearance) Acute disease states Protein energy malabsorption Dehydration High protein diet
![ALBUMIN Properties Functions Hypoalbuminaemia Hyperalbuminaemia Normal values = g/dL 50% of protein content Negatively charged Produced in the liver only Oncotic pressure Transport - hormones, bilirubin, free fatty acids, exogenous drugs, metals, ions pH buffer Negative acute phase protein Competitively binds Ca ions Liver disease (cirrhosis) Nephrotic syndrome Excess loss in bowel (protein-losing enteropathy, e.g., Ménétrier s disease) Burns (plasma loss in the absence of skin barrier) Redistribution (hemodilution [as in pregnancy], increased vascular permeability or decreased lymphatic clearance) Acute disease states Protein energy malabsorption Dehydration High protein diet](http://images.slideplayer.com./27/9196072/slides/slide_6.jpg "ALBUMIN Properties Functions Hypoalbuminaemia Hyperalbuminaemia Normal values = g/dL 50% of protein content Negatively charged Produced in the liver only Oncotic pressure Transport - hormones, bilirubin, free fatty acids, exogenous drugs, metals, ions pH buffer Negative acute phase protein Competitively binds Ca ions Liver disease (cirrhosis) Nephrotic syndrome Excess loss in bowel (protein-losing enteropathy, e.g., Ménétrier s disease) Burns (plasma loss in the absence of skin barrier) Redistribution (hemodilution [as in pregnancy], increased vascular permeability or decreased lymphatic clearance) Acute disease states Protein energy malabsorption Dehydration High protein diet")
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Hypoalbuminaemia signs and symptoms Leukonychia Oedema and ascites (decreased oncotic pressure) Jaundice N.b. give lower doses of drugs as more will be free in plasm
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