1. ROYONNA L. BRISTOL UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA AT OMAHA 6 NOVEMBER 2013 PLATE TECTONICS

2. STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH The Earth is made up of 3 main layers: Core Mantle Upper Mantle Lower Mantle Crust

3. THE CRUST This is where we all live!! The Earth’s crust is made up of: Continental crust Thick (10-70km) Buoyant (less dense than oceanic crust Very Old Oceanic Crust Thin (~7km) Dense (sinks underneath contenintal crust Young

4. WHAT IS PLATE TECTONICS? Continents appear to fit together like pieces of a puzzle

5. PLATE TECTONICS Greek – “tektonikos” (of a builder) Refers to the deformation of the crust as a consequence of plate interaction. Earth’s crust is divided into 12 major plates which move in various direction Plate motion causes them to collide, pull apart, or scrape against each other Plates of the Earth

6. WHAT ARE TECTONIC PLATES MADE OF? Lithosphere (rigid) Consists of the crust and extreme upper mantle

7. WHAT ARE TECTONIC PLATES MADE OF? Asthenosphere Plates ride on top of this jelly/putty like liquid So hot that it is 1- 5% liquid Rests on upper mantle so it has pieces of crystals floating within it

8. WHAT MAKES UP TECTONIC PLATES? Mantle Cooler mantle as go towards surface Hot flowing mantle as near the core

9. TYPE OF PLATE BOUNDARIES http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html

10. WHO’S AT FAULT? Cracks in the Earth’s surface along which rocks move are called “faults” Tension - Force that pulls on the plates crust and causes them to move apart 

11. DIVERGENT (TENSION FORCE) BOUNDARY

12. WHO’S AT FAULT? African Plate Arabian Plate

13. WHO’S AT FAULT? Compression is a force that pushes on the plates of Earth’s crust causing them to move together. 

14. WHO’S AT FAULT? Shearing is a force that pushes on the plates of the Earth’s crust causing one to move in one direction and the other plate in the opposite direction

15. OTHER TYPES OF FAULTS Shearing Associated with lateral faults Compression Associated with reverse and thrust faults)

16. SUMMARY Earth is made up of 3 main layers (core, mantle, crust) On the surface of the Earth are tectonic plates that slowly move around the globe (at the same rate that your fingernail grows!!) Float on top of mantle similar to ice cubes in a bowl of water 3 types of faults: Tension Shearing Compression

17. CAREERS Geologist Seismologist Tectonophysicist

18. CANDY BAR TECTONICS!!!!! Label the parts of the candy bar to correspond to the layers of the Earth Word Bank: Earth’s Crust, Upper Mantle, Lower Mantle and Core Follow the directions on the worksheet and write observations Eat and Enjoy!!