1. WHY IS THIS USEFUL? CONVERT BETWEEN DIFFERENT MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS LABEL FACTOR UNIT FACTOR

2. WHAT IS A CONVERSION FACTOR?

3. HOW MANY DAYS DO YOU HAVE TO LIVE?

5. HOW MANY SECONDS DO YOU HAVE TO LIVE?

6. DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS 31,536,000 seconds

7. HOW MANY MINUTES ARE IN A SCHOOL YEAR? 1 year = 177 days 1 day = 410 minutes

8. HOW MANY MINUTES ARE IN A SCHOOL YEAR?

9. HOW MANY CENTIMETERS TALL IS WILLY CAULIE-STEIN? Willy Caulie-Stein is 7 feet tall 1 foot = 12 inches 1 centimeter = 0.39 inches

10. HOW MANY CENTIMETERS TALL IS WILLY CAULIE-STEIN?

11. PALE BLUE DOT Pale Blue Dot is a photograph of planet Earth taken on February 14, 1990, by the Voyager 1 space probe from a record distance of about 6 billion kilometers Voyager 1 was commanded by NASA to turn its camera around and take one last photograph of Earth across a great expanse of space at the request of astronomer and author Carl Sagan.

12. PALE BLUE DOT

13. HOW MANY BILLIONS OF MILES AWAY WAS VOYAGER 1 WHEN THIS PHOTOGRAPH WAS TAKEN?

14. BESIDES THE EARTH SELFIE, WHAT ELSE DID VOYAGER 1 DO?

15. HOW MANY BILLIONS OF FEET AWAY WAS VOYAGER 1 WHEN PALE BLUE DOT WAS TAKEN?

16. HOW FAR DOES NORTH AMERICA TRAVEL EACH YEAR?

18. HOW THICK ARE EARTH’S LAYERS?

19. LAYERKILOMETERSMILES Inner Core24321511 Outer Core 2270 1410 Mantle2885 1792 Continental Crust 30-4019-25 Oceanic Crust5 3

20. HOW DEEP HAVE WE GONE? 12.262 KILOMETERS Conversion Factors 1 km = 0.62 miles 1 mile = 5280 feet 1 foot = 12 inches 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters How deep have we dug in miles? How deep have we dug in feet? How deep have we dug in inches? How deep have we dug in centimeters?

21. HOW DEEP HAVE WE GONE? 12.262 KILOMETERS How deep have we dug in miles? How deep have we dug in feet? How deep have we dug in inches? How deep have we dug in centimeters? 7.602 miles 40,140.883 feet 481,690.510 inches 1,223,494.12 cm

22. HOW DO WE KNOW THAT THE EARTH IS LAYERED?

23. WHO FIGURED IT OUT?

24. WHAT THE LAYER IS VS. WHAT THE LAYER DOES

25. DENSITY INCREASES FROM THE CRUST TO THE INNER CORE

26. CONVECTION CURRENTS TRANSFER THE CORE’S HEAT What’s a convection current? Cycle of heat transfer: warm matter rises, cold matter sinks

27. EARTH’S CORE IS AS HOT AS THE SURFACE OF THE SUN! 6000°C Thermal energy from the Earth’s formation drives – Cycling of matter between layers – Earth’s magnetic field

28. CONVECTION CURRENTS TRANSFER THE EARTH’S HEAT Radioactive decay in the Earth’s crust and mantle add heat Convection in the mantle drive plate tectonics Convection in the outer core drives the magnetic field

29. MATTER IS CYCLED BETWEEEN THE CRUST AND THE MANTLE AT PLATE BOUNDARIES Hot mantle material rises to form new crust where plates are pulled apart Cold crustal material sinks back into the mantle where plates are pushed together

30. The flow of matter in the outer core generates Earth’s magnetic field CONVECTION IN THE OUTER CORE

31. HOW DOES CONVECTION IN THE OUTER CORE CREATE EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD?

32. WHY DO WE NEED A MAGNETIC SHEILD?

33. EVIDENCE FOR CONTINENTAL DRIFT

34. ALFRED WEGENER