1. Autonomic Nervous System Eunice Lee Debora Jeong Joshua Iannotti Period 4

2. Organization of Nervous System

3. Central Nervous System  1. Brain  A) Forebrain  (1) Sensory info (receive/process)  (2) Thinking, perceiving, producing  B) Brainstem  (1) Hindbrain  Balance  equilibrium  (2) Midbrain  Auditory and visual responses  Motor functions  2. Spinal Cord  A) connects brain to peripheral nervous system

4. Peripheral Nervous System  1. Sensory Nervous System  A) sends info to CNS  i.e. when someone pokes your finger  2. Motor Nervous System  A) sends info from CNS  i.e. when you want to lift your finger  B) Autonomic vs. Somatic  (1) Somatic:  1. voluntary motor  2. skeletal muscles  (2) Autonomic:  1. involuntary motor  2. smooth and cardiac muscles  3. Parasympathetic vs. Sympathetic

5. Reflex Arc  Definition: a neural pathway that controls a reflex  i.e. jolting backward when touching something hot

6. TWO types of Reflex Arc  1. Autonomic Reflex  Affects inner organs (visceral= deep)  Triggered by visceral afferent signaling  Sensory neuron -> connecting neuron -> motor neuron  i.e. peristalsis, sweating  2. Somatic Reflex  Affects muscles  Starts with force acting onto a surface  i.e. hammer on patella  Then energy is received and sensory neuron senses force  Then sends signal to motor neuron which sends a signal to the brain to jerk the knee

7.  AutonomicSomatic

8. Autonomic: Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic

9. Body PartSympatheticParasympathetic EyeDilatesConstricts HeartRate increasesRate decreases BladderRelaxesContracts Salivary GlandsStops productionIncreases production LungsDilate bronchiolesConstrict bronchioles LiverRelease glucoseN/A Adrenal GlandSecrete epinephrine/ norepinephrine N/A Intestines/ StomachDecreases activities of muscles and glands Increases gland secretions, motility KidneyVasoconstriction/ decreased urine output N/A GenitalsEjaculationErection Arrector pili MuscleContractRelax GallbladderRelaxesContracts

10. Ultimate Outcome for each System: Autonomic vs. Somatic  Autonomic:  Maintaining homeostasis:  Control glands  Control smooth and cardiac muscle  Somatic:  Self-Preservation:  Control skeletal muscles

11. Ganglionic Fibers  Axons sent into nerves  Synapse with neurons in ganglia first  PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS ARE…  POSTGANGLIONIC FIBERS ARE…

12. Sympathetic System  Preganglionic fibers -Reach spine and leave spine (rami) -Synapse in sympathetic ganglia -Shorter  Postganglionic fibers -Extend from sympathetic ganglia -Longer

13. Parasympathetic System  Preganglionic fibers -Carried by vagus nerves -From brain and spinal chord  ganglia -Longer -Myelinated  Postganglionic fibers -Continue from ganglia  organs -Shorter -Unmyelinated

14. Sympathetic Neurotransmitters  Preganglionic fibers secrete AcH (Acetylcholine)  Cholinergic  Postganglionic fibers secrete NE (Norepinephrine)  Andrenergic

15. Parasympathetic Neurotransmitters  Preganglionic fibers secrete AcH  Postganglionic fibers secrete AcH and Nitric Oxide

16. RECEPTORS  Nicotine AcH Receptor -Strong Muscle contractions -Both sympathetic and parasympathetic  Adrenergic Receptors -Postganglionic neurons -Just sympathetic  Muscarinic AcH Receptors -Receives AcH -Weak Muscle contractions -Just Parasympathetic

17. Termination of Receptors  AcHe (Acetylcholinesterase) breaks down AcH  NE is removed  NE has prolonged effect

18. Bibliography  https://www.uic.edu/classes/pcol/pcol425/restricted/Guenthne r/Pharm_PNS_new.pdf https://www.uic.edu/classes/pcol/pcol425/restricted/Guenthne r/Pharm_PNS_new.pdf  http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP2pages/Units14to17/unit1 4/ans.htm http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP2pages/Units14to17/unit1 4/ans.htm  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7906875 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7906875  http://www.ems1.com/medical-clinical/articles/893632- Receptors-and-the-autonomic-nervous-system/ http://www.ems1.com/medical-clinical/articles/893632- Receptors-and-the-autonomic-nervous-system/