2. Names and Formulae Remember the pattern in naming chains of hydrocarbons 1 Carbon = methane CH 4 2 Carbons = ethane C 2 H 6 3 Carbons = propane C 3 H 8 4 Carbons = butane C 4 H 10

3. Alcohols The functional group in an alcohol is -OH To name them swap the –e for -ol 1 Carbon = methanol CH 3 OH 2 Carbons = ethanol C 2 H 5 OH 3 Carbons = propanol C 3 H 7 OH 4 Carbons = butanol C 4 H 9 OH

4. Alcohols Q Why not write C 2 H 6 O? The formula gives us clues about the structure of the molecule The oxygen and hydrogen in the alcohol functional group are bonded and so are written together

5. Carboxylic acids The functional group in a carboxylic acids is -COOH To name them swap the –e for –oic acid 1 Carbon = methanoic acid CH 3 COOH 2 Carbons = ethanoic acid C 2 H 5 COOH 3 Carbons = propanoic acid C 3 H 7 COOH 4 Carbons = butanoic acid C 4 H 9 COOH

6. Esters These are made from the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid – The formula is not required for esters but you will need to write word equations ethanol + ethanoic acid ethylethanoate methanol + butanoic acid methylbutanoate butanol + propanoic acid butylpropanoate What do you notice about the naming of an ester? Try out your theory on the next slide – click on the equation to reveal the answer

7. Esters methanol + butanoic acidmethylbutanoate ethanol + propanoic acidethylpropanoate propylmethanoatepropanol + methanoic acid