1. Carboxylic Acids and Esters

2. Carboxylic Acids Molecules with a carboxyl group -COOH E.g. lactic acid, citric acid Alkane name with -oic acid E.g. methanoic acid Practice on the board!!!

3. Properties of Carboxylic Acids Acidic: pH < 7 (H-atom in -OH group) Polar and can hydrogen bond Similar properties to alcohols (smaller members are soluble in water, larger members are insoluble)

4. Preparing Carboxylic Acids: Oxidation Reactions Recall: A 1˚ alcohol can be oxidized to form an aldehyde. An aldehyde can be further oxidized to form a carboxylic acid A ketone cannot be oxidized because there is no free H-atom

5. Oxidation Reaction Practice on the board!!

6. Esters an organic compound that contains a carbonyl group bonded to an oxygen atom

7. Esterfication Recall: acid + base --> salt + water (neutralization reaction) Carboxylic acid + alcohol --> ester + water Properties of Esters Similar to carboxylic acids, but lacking -OH group Esters are less polar (less soluble in water), lower boiling points (no H-bonds) Not acidic Produce odours

8. Naming Esters 1st part is the name of the alkyl group in the alcohol 2nd part is the ending of the acid name changed from -oic to - oate Practice!!