1. World War I 1914 – 1918 (1919)

2. Background Europe has been at peace for 30 years into 1900s Europe has been at peace for 30 years into 1900s Whole generation that does not know the “reality” of War Whole generation that does not know the “reality” of War

3. Long Term Causes 1. Nationalism Deep feelings for own country Countries as rivals

4. Reasons for Rivalries (Nationalism) Competition for resources Competition for resources Germany challenging England’s Industrial power Germany challenging England’s Industrial power France wants Alsace- Lorraine back from Germany France wants Alsace- Lorraine back from Germany Austria-Hungary and Russia fight over Balkan region (who want independence) Austria-Hungary and Russia fight over Balkan region (who want independence)

5. Long term causes 2. Imperialism 2. Imperialism Competing for colonies Dominating a weaker territory either politically, economically, and/or socially

6. Long term Causes 3. Militarism 3. Militarism Glorifying military power and keeping standing army (always ready for war) England is only county in Europe without one at beginning of war Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany)

7. Long Term Causes 4. Alliances 4. Alliances Meant to keep peace, but leads to World War Meant to keep peace, but leads to World War

8. Alliances Triple Alliance Triple Alliance Germany, Austria- Hungary, Italy Formed to keep France from getting too powerful Germany breaks treaty with Russia Russia aligns with France Wilhelm builds navy England scared and joins alliance

9. Alliances Triple Entente France, England, Russia

10. Immediate Cause “Powder Keg” of Europe The Balkans Russia and Austria fight over territory Austria takes Bosnia- Herzegovina and Serbia

11. Immediate Cause (1914) Archduke Franz Ferdinand (of Austria) tours Sarajevo Archduke Franz Ferdinand (of Austria) tours Sarajevo Shot and killed by Serbian Gavrilo Princip (Black Hand) Shot and killed by Serbian Gavrilo Princip (Black Hand) Austria takes it as a sign of Serbian aggression Austria takes it as a sign of Serbian aggression Germany encourages Austria to declare war on Serbia (promises to help) Germany encourages Austria to declare war on Serbia (promises to help)

12. Austria’s Ultimatum To Serbia To Serbia No more anti-Austrian activity and other types of harsh demands Serbia agrees with some Austria declares war anyway Russia backs up Serbia

13. War begins Powder Keg is lit with the assassination Powder Keg is lit with the assassination Alliance system falls apart (new ones form) Alliance system falls apart (new ones form) World War I becomes largest war ever World War I becomes largest war ever