1. HST 2001 Spain Physics Syllabuses Physics in the Spanish curriculum (Secondary Education: Ages 12 - 18) Compulsory Secondary Education Ages 12 –16 Upper Secondary Education (“Bachillerato”) Ages 16 - 18

2. Compulsory Secondary Education In the first two years, all students have to take General Science courses (covering Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Geology) with 3 hours / week In the third year, the combined subject “Physics and Chemistry” is compulsory, with 2 hours / week

3. Compulsory Secondary Education u In the fourth and final year, “Physics and Chemistry” is outside the core curriculum, but students can take 4 hours / week of that subject. u Topics covered in this year are marked with a “4” in the following list:

4. Compulsory Secondary Education Syllabus Outline (Physics) The Structure of Matter (States of matter, kinetic theory, atoms and electrons, the nuclear model,…) Kinematics and Dynamics (4) Energy (4) Electrostatics and DC Currents Waves and Geometrical Optics (4) Hydrostatics (4)

5. Compulsory Secondary Education Syllabus Outline (Physics) During the four years, these topics are covered more than once, but you have to remember that those with a “4” make part of the optional final year, when the material is covered with a more formal approach.

6. Upper Secondary Education “Bachillerato” Students can choose between four routes. In two of them (Science, Technology): u Physics and Chemistry (First year, with 4 hours/week), and u Physics (Second year, 4 hours / week) are compulsory. Many teachers complain about Physics and Chemistry being combined into one subject in the first year

7. Kinematics and Dynamics. Work and Energy. Electric, Magnetic and Gravitational Fields. Electromagnetism (Induction). Vibrations and Waves. “Modern” Physics. Upper Secondary Education “Bachillerato” Syllabus Outline

8. “Modern” Physics in the Bachillerato Special Relativity u Galilean & Einstenian Relativity Principles. u The Lorentz Transformations and its consequences. u Rest mass and relativistic energy. u In many schools, this subject is not covered (though it should be)

9. “Modern” Physics in the Bachillerato Quantum Physics Blackbody Radiation. Planck’ s hypothesis. The photoelectric effect. Photons. Atomic Spectra. Wave – particle duality. De Broglie’ s Formula. Heisenberg’ s uncertainty principle.

10. “Modern” Physics in the Bachillerato Nuclear and Particle Physics u The atomic nucleus. Binding energy. u Radioactivity. u Nuclear reactions. u Hadrons and leptons, quarks. u The fundamental interactions.

11. Note Syllabuses can be slightly different in different regions.