1. Design and construction of Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) and Mixed Phase Detector (MPD) Design and construction of Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) and Mixed Phase Detector (MPD) ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006. A.D. Kovalenko Conceptual design proposal by AC WG-II

2. NICA general layout by WG-II A.D. Kovalenko The possibility of fixed target experiments is exist; The investigation of light and middle weight ion collisions including polarized deuterons ( collision energy and luminosity will be larger in the case ); The experiments at the internal target installed inside one the collider rings can be considered as well; ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006. NOTE: THE IDEA TO CONSIDER ION COLLIDER BASED ON THE NUCLOTRON WAS PUT FORWARD BY THE ACCELERATOR WORKING GROUP II

3. NICA: cost &schedule by WG-II A.D. Kovalenko The design and construction of magnets and cryogenic systems of the both as booster and collider can be made by JINR and JINR member-countries. Part of special works on RF system, fast kickers, special SC – magnets and some other systems should be performed by those collaborating Laboratories who have more experience in the mentioned directions. ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006. Cost of the booster is based on the Nuclotron project cost scaled as ratio of the lengths. The collider rings cost is estimated based on the LHC cost. The two main scale factors were used: ratio of the lengths (k 1 ) and ratio of the magnetic fields ( k B 2 ), i.e. C NICA = C LHC / k 1 ·k B 2. Cost of R&D, preparatory work, transfer lines, injection and extraction systems, radiation safety conditions unexpected works will increase this cost by a factor of 2-2.5.

4. The essential cost saving factors A.D. Kovalenko No new buildings, no additional power supply lines, heat, water cooling; The U-beam peak energy (2.5 GeV/u) used in the colliding mode is much less than that was discussed preliminary for fixed target experiments (5-10 GeV/u); thus, the problems of radiation safety will take less cost; The needed upgrade of the Nuclotron ring including ion source has been considered and presented within the project “Nuclotron-M”; The design of a fast-cycling superferric 84 m booster for the Nuclotron was made earlier, although the lattice should be redesigned based on the new specification and the recent data obtained at BNL, CERN and GSI; The JINR has a long-term experience in superconducting cables and magnets design and fabrication, thus magnet-cryostat systems of both as booster and collider rings can be manufactured by the Institute’s workshops; Additional high capacity cryogenic plant is not necessary. ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006.

5. The existing Nuclotron facility A.D. Kovalenko The Nuclotron was built for five years (1987-1992), the main equipment of its magnetic system, and many other systems as well, was fabricated by the JINR central and the LHE workshops without having recourse to specialized industry. The Nuclotron ring of 251.5 m in perimeter is installed in the tunnel with a cross-section of 2.5m x 3 m that was a part of the Synchrophasotron infrastructure ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006. The main design criteria specified for the Nuclotron construction were the following: · Much less electric power consumption; · Substantial improvements of vacuum inside a beam pipe; · Faster ramp and longer flat top of the magnetic field; · Cost saving for materials and work; · Maximum use of the existing facilities and infrastructure of the Synchrophasotron. All the mentioned conditions were realized in 1987-93 within the project: “Replacement of the Synchrophasotron magnetic system by a superconducting one – Nuclotron”. NOTE: the injector (ion sources, linac upgrade, booster) and slow extraction system as were not included in the project due to lack of money

6. A.D. Kovalenko ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006.

7. A.D. Kovalenko NUCLOTRON: MAIN PARAMETERS ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006.

8. A.D. Kovalenko SYNCHROPHASOTRON / NUCLOTRON: ANNUAL RUNNIG TIME ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006.

9. SEARCHING for the MIXED PHASE A.D. Kovalenko ACCELERATOR R&D GOAL DISCUSSED AT THE ROUND TABLE-I: Au, …, U – ion beams at the energies above 5 GeV/u ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006. THE MAIN NECESSARY NUCLOTRON DEVELOPMENT ION SOURCE KRION VACUUM IN THE RING FIELD RAMP B  2 T/s LINAC LU-20 UPGRADE BEAM DIAGNOSTICS etc.

10. A.D. Kovalenko Reaching 5 Gev/u for heavy ions ( A~ 200) pc(GeV/cu) = 0.3Bρ(z/A) (Tm), where ρ = L(B)N/2π Operation of the Nuclotron magnetic system at 2.2 T make it possible to reach 6.527 GeV/u if z/A=0.5. Thus, 5 GeV/u can be reached for z/A =0.383. The number of dipoles in the Nuclotron ring, N =96: L(@2T) = 1.396 m, ρ =29.917 m and pc = 12.55(z/A) L(@2.2T) = 1.385 m,ρ =21.17 m and pc = 13.96(z/A) ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006.

11. A.D. Kovalenko PROJECT “NUCLOTRON-M” The project include : improvement of the beam pipe pumping system; structural magnets power supply upgrade; beam extraction system; beam diagnostic and control system; RF system; beam transfer line from the Nuclotron ring to the main experimental area; radiation shield ( F3 area mainly); cryogenic supply system; ion source development; booster magnets R&D ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006. The project “Nuclotron-M” has been prepared for the approval procedure. The project cost is about 3.0 M USD for two years starting from 2007.

12. Ion source KRION A.D. Kovalenko We consider as practically feasible for realization within the coming two years the new ion source with 6 T solenoid and pulse repetition rate of 5-10 Hz, i.e. (4-8)10 10 U 30+ ions per second. ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006. The improved EBIS-type ion source KRION is chosen for generation of the primary beam of highly charged state ions.

13. A.D. Kovalenko NUCLOTRON: HEAVY ION INJECTION SCHEME LIMITATION from LU-20: Z/A > 0.3 LIMITATION by KRION: higher charge state– lower intensity LIMITATION by the NUCLOTRON: single-turn injection ( 8.3 mks ) ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006.

14. Booster/Nuclotron/Collider A.D. Kovalenko ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006.

15. Booster/Nuclotron/Collider A.D. Kovalenko ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006.

16. A.D. Kovalenko FAST CYCLING BOOSTER ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006. The maximum operating current was increased to 12 kA. The current ramp rate of 120 kA/s was obtained at cycled operation at 3 Hz. Limitation from the power supply voltage ( 40 V)

17. A.D. Kovalenko The version is similar to that presented earlier at ASC’2000, EPAC2000 and EPAC2002. The circumference of the booster ring is 1/3 of the Nuclotron. The large aperture of both lattice dipole and quadrupole magnets is one of the main design features. the magnet cold mass consisting of a SC-winding, a beam pipe, a reinforcing shell and correcting windings (if needed), is fabricated as a common rigid unit separated from the iron yoke. The yoke temperature of 80 K. The cold mass having a substantially lower weight and surface and the cooled iron yoke are suspended inside the cryostat, The two substantial features should be realized in the new design: 1) pulse repetition rate of 5 Hz and 2) high level of vacuum in a beam pipe. The possibility to construct superferric magnet operating at 3-5 Hz have been demonstrated at our Laboratory. The 80K yoke magnet models have been tested also. The new 12 kA NbTi composite hollow cable have been manufactured and tested. The new booster lattice of DF- type is under optimization. The maximum energy of the booster should exceed 100 MeV/u to provide reasonable (practically achievable) vacuum level in the Nuclotron beam pipe. ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006. BOOSTER

18. A.D. Kovalenko ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006.

19. NICA: 4 T COLLIDER DIPOLE A.D. Kovalenko THE CONCEPT OF HOLLOW CABLE COOLED WITH TWO-PHASE HELIUM FLOW IS USED. NEVERTHELESS, THE SC WIRES ARE DIVIDED INTO THREE ELECTRICALLY INSULATED GROUPS. ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006.

20. A.D. Kovalenko NICA: OPERATION CYCLE & COOLIG POWER ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION-2, JINR, Dubna, October 6- 7, 2006. The total equivalent refrigerator load needed to cool the NICA facility will be 3290 W at 4.5 K. Taking into account also about 30 % capacity reserve, necessary equivalent capacity of the refrigerators estimated to 4.3 kW at 4.5 K. 3 x 7 SC wires of 1.04 mm equivalent diameter each. I o = 5 kA, I c = 7.89 kA