1. Ancient Greece Ελλάδα Chapter 4

2. USA Greece

3. EUROPE

4. Mediterranean Sea Aegean Sea

5. GEOGRAPHY Many islands plus tip of the Balkan Peninsula Many islands plus tip of the Balkan Peninsula

6. Balkan Peninsula

8. GEOGRAPHY Physical geography: mountainous Physical geography: mountainous isolated Greeks from each other isolated Greeks from each other

9. GEOGRAPHY small groups encouraged participation in government small groups encouraged participation in government rivalry led to war rivalry led to war

10. Greece

11. GEOGRAPHY lack of farmland led to colonization, trade: built Byzantium (Roman-Constantinople, modern Turkey-Istanbul)

12. Greece Byzantium - Greeks Constantinople - Romans Istanbul – Turks (today)

13. Minoans On the island of Crete On the island of Crete During the Bronze Age During the Bronze Age Based on trade Based on trade

14. Mycenae First Greek state First Greek state Made up of Indo- Europeans Made up of Indo- Europeans

15. Mycenae On the mainland of Greece On the mainland of Greece Known as warriors Known as warriors

17. EARLY LITERATURE Greeks adopted Phoenician alphabet, the idea of a character for a sound (instead of a picture for a word) Greeks adopted Phoenician alphabet, the idea of a character for a sound (instead of a picture for a word)

19. The Greeks adopted the idea of a character/letter for a sound (taken from the Phoenicians) instead of a picture or character for a word (like Egyptian hieroglyphics).

20. EARLY LITERATURE Long poem that told the story of a hero: e p i c poem Long poem that told the story of a hero: e p i c poem

21. EARLY LITERATURE Most famous poet: Homer Most famous poet: Homer most famous works: Iliad, Odyssey most famous works: Iliad, Odyssey

23. EARLY LITERATURE used to teach: values used to teach: values striving for excellence: a r e t e striving for excellence: a r e t e

25. Ithaca Troy

27. From the movie Troy

28. POLIS Town, city, village, plus countryside: c i t y – s t a t e Town, city, village, plus countryside: c i t y – s t a t e Assembly area, market: a g o r a Assembly area, market: a g o r a

29. POLIS Fortified area on a hill: a c r o p o l i s Fortified area on a hill: a c r o p o l i s

30. Acropolis in Athens

31. Acropolis

33. Parthenon

34. The Parthenon served as the temple to the goddess Athena from which Athens gets its name. Inside there was a golden statue of Athena.

40. POLIS Military - heavily armed infantry: H o p l i t e s Military - heavily armed infantry: H o p l i t e s shield, short sword, spear

41. Hoplites

42. HOPLITES close formation with shields up: p h a l a n x close formation with shields up: p h a l a n x

43. phalanx

44. SPARTA Warriors Warriors “well disciplined”: spartan “well disciplined”: spartan

45. SPARTA pork boiled in animal blood, salt, vinegar was called: black broth pork boiled in animal blood, salt, vinegar was called: black broth

46. SPARTA Weak were abandoned Weak were abandoned “Come back carrying your shield or being carried on it.” “Come back carrying your shield or being carried on it.”

47. Sparta

48. ATHENS 510 B.C. 510 B.C. 1. council of 500 made laws 2. free and open debate 3. vote by assembly of all male citizens

49. ATHENS 510 B.C. 510 B.C. 1. council of 500 made laws 2. free and open debate 3. vote by assembly of all male citizens D E M O C R A C Y

50. Athens

51. MARATHON 490 B.C.: Greeks defeated the invading Persian army 490 B.C.: Greeks defeated the invading Persian army on the plains of Marathon on the plains of Marathon Marathon to Athens: 26 miles Marathon to Athens: 26 miles

52. MARATHON Legend of Pheidippides: ran from Marathon 26 miles to Athens to tell of the victory, and collapsed Legend of Pheidippides: ran from Marathon 26 miles to Athens to tell of the victory, and collapsed

53. Marathon Athens

54. Greece: dark green, Greek colonies: gray Ancient Greek Empire