1. Phases of IT Assimilation PHASE 1 Decision to invest and project initiation PHASE 2 Technology learning and adaptation PHASE 3 Rationalization and management control PHASE 4 Widespread technology transfer Stagnation Block A Failure Success Stagnation Block B Narrowly focused and not marketed Success Stagnation Block C Too efficiency dominated Success Source: Cash, J. I., McFarlan, F. W., McKenney, J. L., and Applegate, L. M., Corporate Information Systems Management: Text and Cases, Homewood, IL, 1992.

2. Architecture: A Plan for the Structure of IT Capabilities Why Do We Need an IT Architecture? §Facilitate decision making on specific technology acquisitions §Ensure compatibility of IT and business strategy §Improve likelihood of IT integration and interconnectivity §Define a framework for control §Influence user decision making concerning IT

3. Components of an IT Architecture Source: Davenport, T., Budd Services, Unpublished Teaching Note, 1987.

4. Levels of an IT Architecture Source: Davenport, T., Budd Services, Unpublished Teaching Note, 1987.

5. Balancing Hardware/Data Distribution/Software Source: Cash, J. I., McFarlan, F. W., McKenney, J. L., and Applegate, L. M., Corporate Information Systems Management: Text and Cases, Homewood, IL, 1992.

6. INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG SYSTEMS 2.22 ESS DSS TPS SCADA MIS KWS OAS

7. Sample IT Architecture Information Analysis (e.g., Lotus 123G) Information Packaging and Delivery (e.g., Commander EIS) Communications ( e.g., E-Mail, Conferencing) Knowledge-Based Systems (e.g., Expert System) Application Development (e.g., CASE) Communications Wide area network Local area network Information Management Client server architecture DB2 relational database Data feeds from internal and external sources TOOLSTOOLS FOUNDATIONFOUNDATION Applications Industry News/IRI Dow Jones Sales Manu- facturing Accounting Purchasing Logistics External SystemsInternal Business Operations and Transaction Systems Source: Applegate, L., Frito-Lay, Inc.: A Strategic Transition (C), Harvard Business School Case #9-190-071, 1990

8. Transmission Information Technology “Network” EGC OFF SYSTEM LAN SARATOGA FIELD HAND-HELD COMPUTERS FLOW COMPUTERS SURVEY CATHODIC PROTECTION PEN-BASED (Gridpad) CONTRACT BUSINESS SYSTEM GASXPERT GAS TRACKING MIPS (CHARTS) LIPS (SAMPLES) SCADA NETWORK PIPELINE MODELS CAD AM/fm WORK/1 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING WORKSTATIONS PIPELINE / PLANT ENGINEERING LAN